对美国司法部关于州法律对经济或州际商业产生不利影响的评论（英）

COMMENTS OF ITIF to the September 15, 2025 CONTENTS Comments of ITIF....................................................................................................................................... 1Introduction and Summary.......................................................................................................................... 2Significant Digital Policy Barriers................................................................................................................. 3Data Breach Notification ......................................................................................................................... 3Data Privacy ............................................................................................................................................ 4Artificial Intelligence ................................................................................................................................ 5Children’s Online Safety .......................................................................................................................... 5Antitrust ...................................................................................................................................................... 6Specific Anticompetitive State Laws ............................................................................................................. 7Three-Tier System in Liquor Distribution ................................................................................................ 7State Car Dealer Limits on Buying Direct From Car Manufacturers ......................................................... 8Ground Transportation Policies at Airports .............................................................................................. 8State Licensure Laws and Barriers to Telehealth........................................................................................ 9Realtors’ Power Over Multiple Listing Services....................................................................................... 10Price Caps For Food Delivery Apps........................................................................................................ 11“Price Gouging” Rules in New York....................................................................................................... 11Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 12Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................ 12 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is pleased to submit these comments inresponse to the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) request for public comment concerning its Request forInformation on State Laws Having Significant Adverse Effects on the National Economy or SignificantAdverse Effects on Interstate Commerce.1ITIF is a nonprofit, non-partisan public policy think tank based inWashington, D.C., committed to articulating and advancing pro-productivity, pro-innovation, and pro-technology public policy agendas around the world that spur growth, prosperity, and progress. Technology has transformed virtually every aspect of American life since the country’s founding. Americanswork, learn, shop, communicate, entertain themselves, and so much more in fundamentally different—andmore convenient—ways from the norms of nearly 250 years ago. Despite these differences, the principles laidout in the Constitution have endured in today’s connected world. The Founders recognized the importanceof unimpeded interstate commerce, which led them to include the Commerce Clause in the Constitution,giving Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states. By giving everybusiness, from multinational corporations to local mom-and-pop shops, the ability to sell products andservices online and across borders, the Internet has made the Commerce Clause more relevant than ever. There are many technology policy issues where states have created a patchwork of regulation that imposeduplicative costs on businesses, cause confusion for consumers, and act as a drain on the U.S. economy. Inorder to address these issues, federal preemption would streamline regulation and decrease costs andconfusion. SIGNIFICANT DIGITAL POLICY BARRIERS States have passed, or are considering passing, a variety of laws that can pose barriers to digital commerce.These laws impose duplicative, conflicting, or otherwise problematic requirements on businesses andconsumers operating in the digital economy. Federal preemption in areas including data privacy, artificialintelligence (AI), and children’s online safety is crucial to make progress toward a U.S. digital single market. Data Breach Notification While a growing number of states have passed comp