AI智能总结
The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision isto unlock the full power of connectivity so thatpeople, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports andresearch. Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-party industry players, to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning. The data Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range of We invite you to find out more atgsma.com www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com Contents Executive summary...............................................................................................................................................41.Mobile connectivity in Bangladesh.............................................................................................................92.The role of spectrum availability and its cost.........................................................................................113.The changing reality of the value of spectrum......................................................................................184.Modelling the impact of spectrum pricing in Bangladesh.................................................................22 Executivesummary feature phones. This will rapidly change as4G and 5G readiness improves, and networks Mobile network infrastructureimprovements are crucial to achieving Bangladesh’s path to a trillion-dollar digitaleconomy depends on affordable, high-qualitymobile connectivity. Reforming spectrumpricing is essential to unlock the full economicand social potential of mobile networks. Overthe past decade, Bangladesh has expanded4G coverage to 99% of the population, yet Affordability in Bangladesh is a strength, withmobile subscription and data costs as a shareof average income being lower compared tothat of other countries, fostered by competitivemarket conditions. However, low operatorrevenues combined with high spectrum spectrum scarcity. The changing reality ofthe value of spectrum, along with the alreadyhigh burden of spectrum and regulatorycosts, means that prices will need to align with Networks in Bangladesh operate with lessspectrum, but spectrum cost as a share of Spectrum is critical to efficiently scale upmobile networks. Bangladesh’s operatorscurrently utilise just over 500 MHz of spectrum,which is lower than what operators utilise inmost other countries in Asia Pacific, despiterecent allocations in the 2.3 and 2.6 GHzbands. In the most immediate term, successful A reduction of overall spectrum cost canboost network quality and bring billions of High spectrum costs have been shown tonegatively impact consumer outcomes, suchas network coverage and speeds. Conversely, Aggregate spectrum costs in Bangladeshhave risen significantly, with the spectrum-cost-to-revenue ratio increasing from 11% in2014 to around 16% in 2023, driven by theacquisition of additional spectrum, currencydepreciation and the relative spectrumscarcity. Bangladesh’s spectrum-cost-to-revenue ratio (15.7%) exceeds the Asia Pacificmedian (10.4%) and is twice as high as the We draw from this evidence by building aneconomic impact model to estimate theeffects of future spectrum pricing decisionsin Bangladesh. In particular, we outline three •Scenario 1 (reference scenario):Maintaining current and historical prices would increase spectrum costs to 21% ofoperators’ revenue in 2035, which wouldrisk unsold or returned spectrum, limit •Scenario 2 (50% price reduction):Reducing unit prices by 50% would align Declining revenues per connection andgrowing spectrum needs have changed spectrum costs closer to the Asia Pacificmedian at about 12% by 2035, enablingimprovements to networks to boost 4Gspeeds by 17% and allowing 5G coverage toreach 99% of the population by 2035. This Globally and in Bangladesh, revenue perconnection has declined due to marketmaturity and fierce competition. Between2014 and 2023, inflation-adjusted revenue •Scenario 3 (75% price reduction):Aligningcosts with the global median of 8% ofoperators’ revenue would enable networkimprovements to increase 4G speeds by22% and accelerate 5G rollout, generating These figures confirm the rapid decline in thecommercial value of spectrum in Bangladeshand highlight the need for spectrum pricesto fall to reflect current market realities. Figure i Figure ii High spectrum prices can result in unsoldspectrum, leading to lower government To facilitate spectrum cost adjustment inBangladesh, pricing needs to