2025年移动互联网连接状况：网络覆盖和基础设施

The State ofMobile Internet The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments andsocietal change. Our vision is to unlock the full power ofconnectivity so that people, industry, and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations acrossthe mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMAdelivers for its members across three broad pillars: Partnership| This material has been funded by UK Aid from the UKGovernment; however, the views expressed do not This document has been financed by the SwedishInternational Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. We invite you to find out more atgsma.com The Connected Society programmeworks with themobile industry, technology companies, the developmentcommunity and governments to increase access to and Contributors:Abi Gleek, Boralba Kapllani,Claire Sibthorpe, Rosie Leary, Simran Jena Published:September 2025 For more information, please visitwww.gsma.com/connected-society To get in touch with the Connected Society team, pleaseemailconnectedsociety@gsma.com GSMA Intelligenceis the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports and research.Our data covers every operator group, network andMVNO in every country worldwide – from Afghanistan to GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-partyindustry players, to support strategic decision making Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range of www.gsmaintelligence.cominfo@gsmaintelligence.com Contents 1.The coverage gap5 Spotlight: The energy access and reliability challenge 2.Network coverage by technology Spotlight: What is the potential role of satellite in bridging the digital divide? 3.Data consumption and network quality 19 Glossary Network Coverageand Infrastructure The vast majority (96%) of the world’s population live within thefootprint of a mobile broadband network. Around 300 millionpeople, or 4% of the global population, live in areas without mobilebroadband coverage (the coverage gap). The uncovered live inlocations that are predominantly rural, poor and sparsely populated. This report examines how network coverage and infrastructure areexpanding, and investigates network quality. These factors affect 1.The coveragegap The coverage gap has reduced,primarily driven by Sub-SaharanAfrica, but reaching the remaining 4%Coverage gap In 2024, the number of people living in areas without mobilebroadband coverage reduced by around 40 million,1with 75%of the reduction from Sub-Saharan Africa. Encouragingly, mostof the network expansion was in Central Africa – historicallythe sub-region with the lowest coverage. Here, the coverage Twenty-nine countries have a coverage gap larger than 10% of thepopulation (see Figure 1) – a reduction of two countries from 2023(Tanzania and Zambia reduced their coverage gaps to 9% and 10%respectively). The majority of the 29 countries are in Sub-SaharanAfrica. Elsewhere, there remain significant coverage gaps in partsof South Asia, particularly Afghanistan and Pakistan, which have Across the 29 countries with a coverage gap of more than 10%, themajority are LDCs, LLDCs and/or SIDS.2The coverage gaps in thesegroups are 9% for LLDCs, 11% for LDCs and 12% for SIDS. The majority of gains in mobile broadband coverageacross LMICs continue to be made by upgrading 2Gsites. However, more than half (55%) of those notcovered by a mobile broadband network (around170 million people) live in areas with no pre-existingmobile infrastructure. Reaching these areas ischallenging due to the high costs associated withdeploying the necessary physical infrastructure. Thisis particularly pronounced in LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS,which have lower levels of human and economicdevelopment. Many of these are also vulnerable toeconomic shocks and natural hazards. It is therefore challenge of meeting this investment gap has beenexacerbated by rising costs. The median inflationrates were more than 6% and 3% in 2023 and 2024respectively – higher than the growth in mobilemarket revenues. There is also uncertainty frominternational trade tariffs. These financial pressures The investment challenges are highlighted in arecent GSMA study of mobile investment gaps inthe Pacific Islands, where a significant coveragegap persists as described above.6It shows thatthe private sector is expected to reach 96% 4Gcoverage in the region by 2030. However, undercurrent market and regulatory conditions, reaching99% by 2030 would require additional funding of The ITU and IMF have estimated that around$430 billion of investment is needed to provide the Spotlight:The energy access andreliability challenge When deploying mobile networks in remote and rural areas in LMICs,infrastructure costs can be prohibitive for operat