国际能源署能源技术研发预算报告指南（英）2025

IEA Guide to ReportingEnergy Technology RD&DBudgets INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAMembercountries: IEAAssociationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract This manual, developed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), providescomprehensive guidance for national experts responsible for reporting energytechnologyresearch,development,and demonstration(RD&D)budgets.Itoutlines the methodology and classification system used to collect and structureRD&Ddata across IEA member countries,ensuring consistency andcomparability. The manual is divided into two main sections: fundamentals ofRD&D budget reporting and a detailed classification of energy technologies. Itdefines RD&D in alignment with the OECD Frascati Manual and clarifies the scopeof public and private sector reporting. It also provides instructions for completingtheIEA questionnaire,covering budgetary stages,metadata reporting,andcommon issues. The classification system spans nine major technology groups,including energy end uses, fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear, hydrogen, CO₂capture, critical minerals, and cross-cutting technologies. This structure supportsaccuratedata collection and policy analysis,enabling governments andstakeholders to track RD&D investments and inform strategic decisions. Themanual serves as a reference tool to improve the quality and transparency ofenergy RD&D statistics globally. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits Thisguide was co-ordinated by Suzy Leprince(Energy Data Centre),withguidance from Roberta Quadrelli (Energy Data Centre) and Simon Bennett(Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks), based on the valuableinput provided by Aitor Soler (independent consultant). The guide is indebted tothe support and guidance from Nick Johnstone (Chief Statistician). The guide would not have been possible without the input and feedback ofcolleagues from across national administrations. The IEA is extremely grateful inparticular to: Andreas Indinger (Austrian Energy Agency), Olivier Demaret (SPFEconomie – Belgium), Laetitia Martin (Brussels Environment – Belgium), JiyoungYu and Elizabeth Powles (Natural Resources Canada), Bálint Égerházi (MinistryofEnergy–Hungary),Sebastian Franken(Project Management Jülich–Germany), Irene Ward (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland), Stef Knibbelerand Michael van den Born (Netherlands Enterprise Agency), Miguel SantosAndres and Jesus Miguel Perez (Ministry for the Ecological Transition and theDemographical Challenge – Spain), Michael Moser (Swiss Federal Office ofEnergy) and Nico Millar (Department for Energy Security and Net Zero – UnitedKingdom). The guide also benefited from comments and input of colleagues across the IEA,particularly José Miguel Bermudez Menendez, Piotr Bojek, Tomás Bredariol, SaraBudinis, Eren Cam, Elizabeth Connelly, Chiara Delmastro, Michael Drtil, MathildeFajardy, Carlos Fernandez Alvares, Hannes Gauch, Nicholas Howarth, MathildeHuismans,Peter Levi,Rafael Martinez Gordon,Amalia Pizarro,UweRemme, Richard Simon and Fabian Voswinkel. Thanks also to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for their help inproducing the report, particularly to Poeli Bojorquez, Astrid Dumond and IsabelleNonain-Semelin. Valuablereview has also been provided by colleagues from variousorganisations, particularly Aikaterini Mountraki and Matthijs Soede (EC), DianeCameron and Tatiana Ivanova (NEA), Vladimir Kriventsev (IAEA) and FernandoGalindo-Rueda (OECD). Table of contents Acknowledgements, contributors and credits...................................................................... 4Fundamentals on the reporting of energy technology RD&D budgets.............................. 6Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 6Coverage of the data on energy technology RD&D budgets ......................................