地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标：SDGs十周年特别报告

一Special Report for a Decade of the SDGs Map Content Approval Number: GS京（2025）1724号 All the data, information and images contained in this report may be cited in any form for educationalor non-profit services, provided that acknowledgement of the source is made and no citations, deletionsor modifications are contrary to the original intention. The International Research Center of Big Data forSustainable Development Goals would appreciate any publication that uses this report as a source. No use of this report may be made for any commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission inwriting from the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals. Suggested Citation CBAS. 2025. Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals—Special Report for aDecade of the SDGs. Beijing, China. http://doi.org/10.12237/casearth.CBAS2025P02 PrefaceExecutive SummaryIntroductionSDG 2 Zero Hunger01020408 31Conclusion and Recommendations32Main References SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy 34Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 7Globally and in China34Global Progress Assessment34China’s Progress Assessment 10Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 2Globally and in China 37Thematic Studies 10Global Progress Assessment13China’s Progress Assessment 38Renewable Energy41Energy Efficiency 14Thematic Studies 41Conclusion and Recommendations42Main References 15Double the Productivity and Incomesof Small-Scale Food Producers18Sustainable Food Production andResilient Agricultural Practices SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities 44Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 11Globally and in China 44Global Progress Assessment47China’s Progress Assessment SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation21 48Thematic Studies 22Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 6Globally and in China 48 Urban Housing49Urbanization50Heritage Conservation51Disaster Response52Urban Pollution52Urban Public Open Space53Thermal Environment and Health 22Global Progress Assessment25China’s Progress Assessment 25Thematic Studies 26Improving Water Environment27Increasing Water-Use Efficiency29Protecting Aquatic Ecosystems31Comprehensive Assessment of SDG 6in Urban Areas 54Conclusion and Recommendations 55Main References SDG 15 Life on Land83Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 15Globally and in China83Global Progress Assessment84China’s Progress Assessment87Thematic Studies87Protection of Important Ecosystems89Sustainable Forest Management90Land Degradation Neutrality92Biodiversity Conservation93Conclusion and Recommendations94Main ReferencesIntegrated Evaluations and Interactionsamong SDGs100Conclusion and RecommendationsSummary and ProspectsAppendices103Availability of Data and Methods103Acronyms & Abbreviations105List of Authors1011039582 SDG 13 Climate Action56 58Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 13Globally and in China 58Global Progress Assessment58China’s Progress Assessment 61Thematic Studies 62Impact—Climate-Related Disasters64Mitigation—Greenhouse Gas Emissions65Adaptation—Global Polar Glacier Changeand Sea-Level Rise 67Conclusion and Recommendations68Main References SDG 14 Life Below Water69 70Ten-Year Progress Assessment of SDG 14Globally and in China70Global Progress Assessment73China’s Progress Assessment 74Thematic Studies 74Marine Pollution76Marine Ecosystems77Ocean Acidification78Marine Protected Areas79Aquaculture 80Conclusion and Recommendations80Main References Preface The year 2025 marks the tenth anniversary of theimplementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agendafor Sustainable Development. Over the past decade, theworld has achieved progress in poverty reduction, cleanenergy development, and ecological and environmentalprotection. However, under the combined pressures ofintensifying climate change, rising geopolitical tensions,frequent economic shocks, and increasing developmentvulnerabilities, the scale and pace of advancing theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have fallen farshort of expectations. Against this backdrop, taking urgentaction to reverse worrisome trends and consolidate hard-won gains has become a global consensus. Action. With this technological empowerment, developingcountries with limited digital infrastructure can also accesseffective tools for SDG evaluation. Over the past decade, China has achieved dynamic monitoringof 233 SDG indicators (92.8% of the total), with 60.5% ofindicators on track or achieved, thereby forming a synergisticmodel of “technology–policy–governance.” The 2025 AnnualReport evaluates ten-year global and Chinese progress onindicators for seven Goals—Zero Hunger, Clean Water andSanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Citiesand Communities, Climate Action, Life Below Water, and Lifeon Land—along with multi-indicator integrated evaluationsand interactions. It provides public data products for theworld, supporting implementation of the 2030 Agenda in allcountries, especially developing countries. In addition, basedon its own resea