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Copyright © ASEAN Centre for Energy, 2025 Unless otherwise stated, all content and materials in this publication are the exclusive property ofthe ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) and are protected by copyright. Permission to use, share, copy,print, and/or store these materials is granted, provided that proper attribution to ACE is clearlyindicated. Materials in this publication attributed to third parties may be subject to third-partycopyright and are governed by separate terms of use and restrictions, including limitations oncommercial use. Published by: ASEAN Centre for EnergySoemantri Brodjonegoro II Building, 6th fl.Directorate General of ElectricityJl. HR. Rasuna Said Block X-2, Kav. 07-08Jakarta 12950, IndonesiaTel: (62-21) 527 9332 | Fax: (62-21) 527 9350E-mail: communication@aseanenergy.orgwww.aseanenergy.org Disclaimer This publication and the material featured herein are provided “as is.” All reasonable precautions have been taken by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) to verifythe reliability of the materials featured in this publication. Neither ACE nor any of its officials,consultants, data, or other third-party content providers or licensors provide any warranty,including as to the accuracy, completeness, or fitness for a particular purpose or use of suchmaterials, or regarding the non-infringement of third-party rights. They accept no responsibilityor liability concerning the use of this publication and the materials featured herein. The ASEANMember States (AMS) or the individuals and institutions that contributed to this report are notresponsible for any opinions or judgments the report contains. Theinformation contained herein does not necessarily represent the views,opinions,orjudgements of the AMS or of the individuals and institutions that contributed to this report, nor isit an endorsement of any projects, products, or service providers. The designations employed andthe presentation of materials herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of ACEconcerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city, or area, nor of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. ASEANENERGY INVESTMENT2025 About ACE Established on 1 January 1999, the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) is an intergovernmentalorganisationwithin the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) structure thatrepresentsthe 10 ASEAN Member States’ (AMS) interests in the energy sector. ACE is hosted by theMinistry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia inJakarta, Indonesia. ACE supports theimplementation of the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC), a blueprint for bettercollaboration towards upgrading energy. The Centre is guided by a Governing Council composed ofSenior Officials on Energy from each AMS and a representative from the ASEAN Secretariat. The three key roles of ACE are: •Asa catalyst to unify and strengthen ASEAN energy cooperation and integrationbyimplementing relevant capacity building programmes and projects to assist the AMS indeveloping their energy sector;•As theASEAN energy data centre and knowledge hub, to provide a knowledge repositoryfor the AMS; and•As anASEAN energy think tankto assist the AMS by identifying and surfacing innovativesolutions for ASEAN’s energy challenges on policies, legal & regulatory frameworks, andtechnologies. By carrying out the three key roles, ACE assumes a central role in the ASEAN energy sector toensure the region’s energy security, affordability, and sustainability as a fundamental concern. Formore information contact: aseanenergy.org. Acknowledgements The successful completion of the ASEAN Energy Investment 2025 report is attributed tothe collaborative efforts of the ASEAN Centre for Energy and the Energy Foundation China,particularly under the Investment Pathways for ASEAN Low Carbon Energy (INSPACE) project.Their combined expertise, steadfast support, and dedicated contributions have significantlyenhanced the quality and depth of the work. Authors:This report was designed and led by Dr. Ambiyah Abdullah with contributions from RikaSafrina, Rhea Oktaqiara, Aisyah Fitri Azalia, Flavia Domitilla Frederick, Rio Jon Piter Silitonga,and Dan Resky Valeris, from ACE. Guidance:Special recognition is extended to Dato’ Ir. Ts. Razib Dawood, Dr. Zulfikar Yurnaidi,Dr. Andy Tirta, ZOU Ji, ZHANG Huiyong, XING Yunfei, and YANG Peihan for their instrumental rolein providing direction and supervision, ensuring the success of this publication. Reviewers:Appreciation is expressed to Silvira Ayu Rosalia from ACE, Dr. BAI Quan, HUANGLibin, Prof. WANG Yao, WANG Yaohua, XIAO Jinyu, YE Yanfei, and XING Yunfei for the time andeffort dedicated to providing constructive feedback and ensuring the quality of this publication. Contributing ASEAN Member States:Recognition is given to Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam for theircontribution in s