产后出血预防、诊断与治疗综合指南

Consolidated guidelines for theprevention, diagnosis and treatmentof postpartum haemorrhage Consolidated guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage ISBN 978-92-4-011563-7 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011564-4 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo isnot permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent CreativeCommons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along withthe suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is notresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding andauthentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Consolidated guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of postpartumhaemorrhage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors andomissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO beliable for damages arising from its use. Contents IntroductionviiiTarget audienceviiiGuideline development methodsviiiRecommendationsixDissemination, implementation, monitoring and evaluationxvii 1. Background 1.1Target audience21.2Scope of the guidelines2 2. Methods4 2.1WHO Steering Group42.2Guideline Development Group42.3External Review Group42.4Technical Working Group52.5Executive Steering Group52.6External partners and observers52.7Identifying priority questions and outcomes52.8Integration of recommendations from published WHO guidelines62.9Focus and approach72.10 Evidence identification and retrieval82.11 Quality assessment and grading of the evidence82.12 Formulation of the recommendations92.13 Decision-making during the GDG meetings122.14 Declaration of interests by external contributors122.15 Document preparation and peer review132.16 Presentation of guideline content13 3. Recommendations and supporting evidence14 3.1Antenatal interventions to prevent postpartum haemorrhage143.2Intrapartum interventions to prevent postpartum haemorrhage183.3Postpartum interventions to prevent postpartum haemorrhage193.4Diagnosing postpartum haemorrhage373.5First-response treatment of postpartum haemorrhage413.6Treatment of refractory postpartum haemorrhage493.7Supportive care after postpartum haemorrhage573.8Health system interventions for postpartum haemorrhage60 4. Implementation of the guidelines644.1Health policy and system considerations644.2Facility-level considerations654.3Health worker-level considerations65