人工智能在科学研究中的作用

A Science for Policy, European Perspective Purificato, E., Bili, D., Jungnickel, R., Ruiz Serra, V., Fabiani, J.,Abendroth Dias, K., Fernandez Llorca, D., Gomez, E. 2025 This document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s scienceand knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymakingprocess. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the EuropeanCommission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission isresponsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology andquality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor otherCommission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and thepresentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The Joint Research Centre: EU Science Hubhttps://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu JRC143482EUR 40448 PrintISBN 978-92-68-31540-8ISSN 1018-5593doi:10.2760/3050242KJ-01-25-455-EN-CPDFISBN 978-92-68-31427-2ISSN 1831-9424doi:10.2760/7217497KJ-01-25-455-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025 © European Union, 2025 Some content was created usingGPT@JRC The reuse policy of the European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39).Unless otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse isallowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the European Unionpermission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Cover page illustration, © DDOK /stock.adobe.com How to cite this report: Purificato, E., Bili, D., Jungnickel, R., Ruiz Serra, V., Fabiani, J. et al.,The Role ofArtificial Intelligence in Scientific Research - A Science for Policy, European Perspective, Publications Officeof the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025,https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/7217497, JRC143482. Layout: Carmen Capote de la Calle The Role of ArtificialIntelligence in ScientificResearch A Science for Policy, European Perspective Purificato, E., Bili, D., Jungnickel, R., Ruiz Serra, V., Fabiani, J.,Abendroth Dias, K., Fernandez Llorca, D., Gomez, E. 2025 CONTENTS Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................................2Foreword...............................................................................................................................................................................................3Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................................................................4Executive summary........................................................................................................................................................................5 1INTRODUCTION8 1.3AI in science research community.....................161.4Scientific process......................................................20 1.1Motivation and approach....................91.2Artificial intelligence landscape.....10 232ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS 2.5Analysing data from experimental results....302.6Draw conclusions based on acceptance orrejection of the hypothesis...........................................322.7Communicate results..............................................342.8Build scientific community...................................35 2.1Ask a question (or make anobservation)....................................................252.2Conduct background research (or aliterature review)...........................................262.3Construct a hypothesis......................272.4Test your hypothesis by performingan experiment................................................29 DEEP DIVES 383 3.3Ancient site discovery and virtual restorationof inscriptions.....................................................................64 3.1Protein structure prediction.............393.2Material discovery................................53 4CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 75 4.1Data, models and infrastructure....764.2Skills and innovation...........................784.3Ethical and legal considerations.....78 4.4Societal impl