企业面临的生成式AI风险：探索保险业的作用

October 2025 Gen AI Risks for Businesses:Exploring the role for insurance Ruo (Alex) Jia Director Digital Technologies, Geneva AssociationAssociate Professor of Insurance, Peking University Contributing authors:Martin ElingDirector of the Institute of Insurance Economics andProfessor of Insurance Management, University of St. Gallen Tianyang WangProfessor of Finance, Colorado State University Geneva Association The Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association ofinsurance companies; our members are insurance and reinsurance Chief ExecutiveOfficers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted in collaboration with ourmembers, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is toidentify and investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insuranceindustry in the future, highlighting what is at stake for the industry; developrecommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform to ourmembers and other stakeholders to discuss these trends and recommendations;and reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlightthe positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to buildingresilient and prosperous economies and societies, and thus a more sustainable world. Photo credits:Cover page – Unsplash © Geneva Association, 2025 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.org Contents Acknowledgements4 Foreword5 Executive summary6 1.1Generative AI: Definition and applications91.2Gen-AI-induced risks111.3Research question and contributions16 2.Demand for Gen-AI-related insurance: A business customer survey 2.1Application of Gen AI in business192.2Awareness and perception of Gen AI risks212.3Demand for Gen-AI-related insurance22 3.1Insurability of Gen-AI-related risks273.2Emerging insurance solutions32 36 Appendix 1: Existing AI risk classifications40 Appendix 2: Insurability of Gen AI risks (extended)41 43 References ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared under the guidance of the Geneva Association’s Digital Technologiesworking group, sponsored by Bianca Tetteroo, Chair of the Executive Board of Achmea.We are grateful to the following experts and executives who made themselves available forinterviews or provided editorial contributions: •Tomo Asaka (Tokio Marine)•Bart Boon and René Wissing (Achmea)•Colonnella Emanuele (Edge Group)•Sophie Farhane and Eléonore Jacquemin (AXA)•Matthew Gabriel (Manulife)•Jesus Gonzalez (Aon)•Atsushi Izu (Dai-ichi Life)•Christoph Krieg (Peak3)•Yunlong LIU (PICC)•Paul Lloyd and Robert Milan Porsch (AIA Group)•Hugo Santa Maria (Fidelidade)•Lamia El Marzouki (AXA XL)•Dennis Noordhoek, Darren L. Pain, and Kai-Uwe Schanz (Geneva Association)•Frank Schmid (Gen Re)•Joan Schmit (University of Wisconsin-Madison)•Bill Schwegler (Transamerica)•Simon Torrance (Embedded Finance & Insurance Strategies)•Jing XIAO (Ping An) The report also benefitted from discussions at the Geneva Association’s 2024 Programme onRegulation and Supervision (PROGRES) and 2024 Digital Technologies Conference. Finally, we extend our deepest thanks to the Geneva Association’s Editorial Committee andAssociates for their support and feedback, as well as to Pieralberto Treccani (formerly of theGeneva Association) and Xinyu FAN, Qinyu LI, and Yunfei YANG (Peking University) for theirvaluable research assistance. Foreword In moments of profound technological transformation, we often face a paradox: the toolsthat promise to elevate us can also challenge us in unexpected ways. Generative AIdemands both strategic anticipation and human-centred stewardship. This report is our contribution to a fast-evolving conversation about how tounderstand, manage, and insure against the new classes of risk that Gen AI createsor amplifies. From cybersecurity threats to intellectual property challenges, fromworkforce disruption to liability uncertainty, a risk landscape that goes beyondtraditional categorisation is emerging. To ground our insights in real-world experience, we conducted a global survey of 600business representatives involved in corporate insurance decision-making, across thelargest six insurance markets. One clear finding stands out: more than 90% ofrespondents see a need for insurance coverage for Gen AI risks, with two thirds willingto pay more in premiums for it. This signals both urgency and opportunity. The insurance industry has a critical role to play in offering protection and in shapingresponsible Gen AI adoption. By approaching these challenges collaboratively – withtechnology providers, regulators, and businesses alike – and with caution, we canhelp ensure that the benefits of Gen AI are realised safely and sustainably. Jad ArissManaging Director Executive summary Adoption of Gen AI heightens operational, ethical,and cybersecurity risks, spurring demand forinsurance among businesses. Cybersecurity risks emerge as the top concern of busi-nesses, cited by over half o