Common Stock This Amendment No. 4 to Prospectus Supplement (this “Amendment”) amends and updates our prospectus supplement, datedJanuary 6, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of our registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-283306 (the “Prospectus Supplement”). This Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus Supplement and theaccompanying prospectus dated January 6, 2025 (the “Prospectus”), each of which are to be delivered with this Amendment, as well asany of our SEC filings which amend and update this Prospectus Supplement. This Amendment amends and/or updates only thosesections of the Prospectus Supplement set forth in this Amendment; all other sections of the Prospectus Supplement remainunchanged. This Amendment is not complete without, and may only be delivered or utilized in connection with, the ProspectusSupplement, and any future amendments or supplements hereto or thereto. We have entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, orWainwright, dated November 18, 2024. Under this Sales Agreement, as updated by this Amendment, we may offer and sell commonstock having an aggregate offering price of up to $11,494,900 from time to time through Wainwright, acting as sales agent, inaccordance with the Sales Agreement. Sales of the common stock, if any, under this prospectus, as amended, may be made by any method permitted that is deemed an“at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.Wainwright may sell our common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be anat-the-marketoffering as defined in Rule415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act. Wainwright is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securitiesbut will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices andapplicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Nasdaq, on mutually agreed terms between the Wainwrightand us. There are no minimum sale requirements, and there is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similararrangement. We are filing this Amendment to amend the Prospectus Supplement solely to update the amount of shares of common stock weare eligible to sell under General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 and pursuant to the Sales Agreement. As of September 9, 2025, theaggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or public float, was approximately $34,484,701 based on2,283,755 non-affiliate shares of common stock outstanding, based on a closing price of $15.10 per share on September 9, 2025,which was the highest closing sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market, the principal market for our commonequity, within 60 days of the filing date of this registration statement, as amended. In the past 12 calendar months, we have offered andsold an aggregate of $5,352,879 of shares of our common stock pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3. In no event will wesell securities registered on this registration statement in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of ourpublic float in any 12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75.0 million. Wainwright will be entitled to a commission of 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold under the Sales Agreement. See “Planof Distribution” beginning on page S-11 of our prospectus supplement, dated January 6, 2025 for additional information regarding thecompensation to be paid to Wainwright. In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, Wainwright will be deemed tobe an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation paid to Wainwright will be deemed to beunderwriting compensation. We have also agreed in the Sales Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to Wainwrightwith respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “NEUP.” On September 19, 2025, the last reported sale price of ourcommon stock on the Nasdaq was $10.10 per share. INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. BEFORE MAKING ANINVESTMENT DECISION, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION UNDER THE HEADING “RISK FACTORS”BEGINNING ON PAGES-6OF THE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT INCLUDED IN THIS REGISTRATIONSTATEMENT, AND IN THE DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUSSUPPLEMENT. Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission, nor any other foreign securitiescommission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectussupplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. H.C. Wainwright & Co. The date of this Amendment No. 4 to prospectus supp