引导绿色氢能流向以人类发展为中心的框架（英）

TOWARDS A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT-CENTRED FRAMEWORK Table of Contents Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), under thestrategic direction of Riad Meddeb, Director of the Sustainable Energy Hub, in collaboration withProf. Amir Lebdioui, Director of the TIDE Centre at the University of Oxford, and Pavel Bílek,Senior Research Adviser at the TIDE Centre. The work benefited from the valuable contributionsof the Sustainable Energy Hub team, in particular Stefano Pistolese, Folashade Jaiyeola, Benja-min Keller, and Clement Amponsah. Design was completed by SiNae Song and copyediting byGretchen Luchsinger. Executive summary and key messages1 This work has greatly benefited from the collective insights, guidance, and support of numerousexternal individuals and organizations. We extend our sincere gratitude to Ali Al Saffar (Interna-tional Energy Agency), Chris Brown (Namibian Chamber of Environment), Daniel Avila (Enertrag),Fabianna Bacil (UNU-MERIT), Julian Reul (H2Global), Leah Mpinga (H2Global), Manuel Albaladejo(UNIDO), Max Correa (Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners), Nicolas Galarza (former Vice-Ministerof Environment and Sustainable Development, Republic of Colombia), Nikita Taniparti (PrincetonUniversity), Santiago Garcia-Herreros (HINICIO), Roland Roesch (International Renewable EnergyAgency), Uwe Remme (International Energy Agency), Peter Oladipupo (PyVee, Inc.), Louis Lam-mertyn (HINICIO), Jörg Gigler (Energy Innovation NL), Pete Budden (Natural Resources DefenseCouncil), Marco Gervasi (METLEN), Piet Warnaar (TNO), Ebrahim Takolia (Green Hydrogen Solu-tions Ltd.) and Gniewomir Flis (Kaya Partners). 1. Introduction9 2. The hydrogen molecule: past, present and future11 3.Making green hydrogen work for PEOPLE:energy access, human capital and a just transition25 The authors wish to express their appreciation to colleagues across UNDP, the TIDE Centre, theUniversity of Oxford, and partner institutions whose insights enriched this paper. Special thanksalso go to stakeholders who are actively shaping the future of green hydrogen and sustainableenergy transitions in developing countries, whose experiences and feedback were instrumentalin grounding this report in real-world challenges and opportunities. 4. Ensuring respect for our PLANET:decarbonization without environmental degradation33 Copyright © UNDP 2025. All rights reserved.One United Nations Plaza, NEW YORK, NY10017, USA UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality,and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, wehelp nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. 5. A lever for shared PROSPERITY:avoiding enclaves and risks of technological obsolescence41 Learn more at undp.org or follow @UNDP. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily representthose of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the UN Member States. UNDP does not endorseany entity, brand, product, or service. 6. Conclusion: how countries can steer green hydrogen atthe right speed, time, and in the right direction53 Executive summaryand key messages Although still an emerging technology prone to technological disruptionand market uncertainty, green hydrogen is increasingly consideredcritical to global decarbonization. This is due to its versatility asan energy carrier, its capacity to store energy, and its potential todecarbonize sectors that are hard to electrify, including heavy industry,transport and others. Greenhydrogen represents an interesting opportunity for globaldevelopment. Developing countries account for the majority of areaswhere production costs could be lowest (especially in Latin America,the Arab States, and North and Southern Africa). This cost advantageis largely driven by the growing competitiveness of renewable energytechnologies, which are essential inputs for green hydrogen production. At the same time, high levels of uncertainty, risk and technologicaldisruption on both the demand and supply sides of the global greenhydrogen sector require strong policymaking. This must see beyond thehype, and strategically allocate time and resources to make consistentlinks to sustainable development. Otherwise, if left unchecked, thegrowth of green hydrogen could reproduce extractivist dynamics andhistorical resource dependencies while failing to deliver long-termgains to producer countries in the Global South. A careful rethinking of policy approaches to green hydrogen is neededso that this resource truly becomes a tool for sustainability, localdevelopment and human prosperity in ways that do not leave—muchless push—anyone behind. A ‘3P’ framework emphasizing people,planet and prosperity aligns the growth of green hydrogen withsustainable human development (Table 1). Such a framework not onlyentails looking at the financial and energy feasibility