货币贫困家庭的儿童：全球、区域和部分国家在消除儿童贫困方面的进展趋势（英）

Children in Monetary Poor Household Global, Regional, and Select National Trendsin the Progress against Child PovertyPublic Disclosure Authorized Gabriel Lara IbarraDaylan Salmeron GomezSolrun EngilbertsdottirCarolina Diaz-BonillaEnrique DelamonicaJennifer Yablonski Policy Research Working Paper11203 Abstract This paper presents the first estimates of extreme childpoverty and child poverty using the World Bank’s recentlyrevised international poverty lines. Using the internationalpoverty line of $3.00 per day and the higher $8.30 perday poverty line (both expressed in 2021 purchasing powerparity), the paper provides new results of the global andregional trends over 2014–24. The estimates show that 19.2percent of children, approximately 412 million children,were living on less than $3.00 (2021 PPP) per day as of2024, a reduction from 507 million children in 2014. This and South Asia regions witnessed significant reductions inchild poverty and extreme child poverty between 2014 and2024, and the Europe and Central Asia and Latin Americaand the Caribbean regions showed reductions mostly inchild poverty. In the same period, there was an increase inextreme child poverty in the Middle East and North Africaregion. Sub-Saharan Africa experienced a “lost decade” ofchild poverty reduction between 2014 and 2024, increasing The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about developmentissues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry thenames of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those Children in Monetary Poor Households: Global, Regional,and Select National Trends in the Progress against Child Gabriel Lara Ibarra+Daylan Salmeron Gomez+Solrun Engilbertsdottir*Carolina Diaz-Bonilla+Enrique Delamonica*Jennifer Yablonski* Keywords: monetary poverty, children, headcount ratioJEL code: I32 Introduction With just five years remaining until 2030, there is mounting evidence that the world is not on track to meetall the Sustainable Development Goal targets (World Bank 2024a) (United Nations 2024), including SDG1on “Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere”. Global commitments and efforts have been hampered bythe COVID-19 pandemic, armed conflicts, economic instability, and climate-related disasters limitingpeoples’ economic opportunities and putting families in hardship. As the window for action narrows,addressing poverty among the most vulnerable population groups with renewed urgency is essential. Recent This note is the fourth edition of a World Bank and UNICEF series of studies looking at global and regionalestimates of child poverty using World Bank established international poverty lines.1Children areindividuals below the age of 18 (per the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child). Their poverty statusis defined by whether they reside in households with per capita income or consumption per day below a To provide a broad view of children’s welfare, this note relies on two definitions of poverty. Extremepoverty is based on the international poverty line (IPL) of US$3.00 per person per day in 2021 purchasingpower parity (PPP). To better reflect the evolution of price levels across the world, the World Bank revisedthe IPL from $2.15 to $3.00 per day following the May 2024 release of the 2021 PPPs by the InternationalComparison Program. The revision of the IPL, along with other lines for lower- and upper-middle income Poverty status, in turn, is defined according to a different, higher threshold: $8.30 (2021 PPP) per personper day. There are several reasons for presenting results based on a higher threshold. This threshold is themedian poverty line for upper-middle income countries and has been tracked by the World Bank since2017.2As Ferreira and Sanchez-Paramo (2017) noted, the higher line could be interpreted as a response topartly address the notion that achieving a set of capabilities (i.e. the ability to stay warm or effectively lookfor a job) requires different baskets of goods and services (that will have varying costs) in differentcountries. Thus, this line is a more relevant measure for assessing poverty in middle-income countries where As in previous studies, (extreme) child poverty in this note refers to children living in households who areconsidered (extreme) poor. This is an important distinction as the estimates are all based on using apercapitawelfare measure that allows for comparability across a large set of countries. The welfare measure in the household (i.e., by household size). A known limitation of this approach is that it does not accountfor any differences in resource allocation within the household.3Throughout the paper the main indicator This paper uses the most recent and comprehensive collection of survey microdata t