基于系统保护规划的全球海洋哺乳动物保护空间规划

©自然资源部第一海洋研究所和北京绿研公益发展中心2025 本报告可免费使用和转载，请勿用于商业用途。如需使用本报告出版，请与自然资源部第一海洋研究所或北京绿研公益发展中心确认，并寄送一份出版物以作存留；如需引用报告内的数据或图片，请联系作者；如需用于线上展示及传播，请直接使用本机构网站的原始链接。本报告仅代表自然资源部第一海洋研究所和北京绿研公益发展中心的机构观点，如有不当之处，敬请指正。 致谢 本报告由自然资源部第一海洋研究所在北京绿研公益发展中心支持下完成，由两家共同发布。 本研究的数据收集与分析工作得到了多个开放数据库和科研机构的支持，在此谨表诚挚谢意。感谢以下数据库为本研究提供的开放数据资源：1、WoRMS数据库(World Register of Marine Species - WorldRegister of Marine Species)提供的海洋哺乳动物物种名录；2、海洋生物地理信息系统（OBIS）、全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF）和OBIS-SEAMAP提供的海洋物种观测记录；3、COMBINE数据库提供的海洋哺乳动物的性状数据；4、COPERNICUS、Bio-ORACLE v3.0、MARSPEC提供的环境变量数据；5、世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）提供的海洋哺乳动物的濒危等级数据。 由衷感谢以下专家（排名不分先后）在设计和修改过程中的宝贵意见和建议: 韩志强教授浙江海洋大学鹿志创研究员辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院胡文佳研究员自然资源部第三海洋研究所张崇良副教授中国海洋大学曾聪副教授上海交通大学 本报告由自然资源部第一海洋研究所赵林林副研究员、孙润隆博士、李林杰博士、黄文豪博士和房硕博士撰写，北京绿研公益发展中心高级研究员陈冀俍提供研究支持，资深项目专员荀渤阳参与审校协助。 © First Institute of Oceanography, MNR&G:HUB 2025 This report is free to use and reproduce for your own publication, as long as they are not forcommercial use. As the copyright holder, First Institute of Oceanography and G:HUB do request dueacknowledgement and a copy of your publication. Please contact author for citation of the data orfigures. For online publication, First Institute of Oceanography and G:HUB request direct link to theoriginal resource on the First Institute of Oceanography and G:HUB websites. This report onlyrepresents the views of First Institute of Oceanography and G:HUB. Please contact us if there’re anyquestions or problems. Acknowledgements This report was produced by First Institute of Oceanography with the support of G:HUB, and jointlypublished by the two institutions. The data collection and analysis for this study were supported by multiple open-access databases andresearch institutions, to which we express our sincere gratitude. We would like to thank the followingdatabases for providing open data resources: 1. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) forthe marine mammal species list; 2. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), the GlobalBiodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and OBIS-SEAMAP for marine species occurrence records; 3.The COMBINE database for marine mammal trait data; 4. COPERNICUS, Bio-ORACLE v3.0, andMARSPEC for environmental variable data; 5. The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) for the conservation status data of marine mammals. Special thanks to the following experts who provided us with feedback and advice throughout thereport’s development and review (in no particular order): HAN ZhiqiangProfessorZhejiang Ocean UniversityLU ZhichuangResearcherLiaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research InstituteHU WenjiaResearcherThird Institute of Oceanography, MNRZHANG ChongliangAssociate ProfessorOcean University of ChinaZENG CongAssociate ProfessorShanghai Jiao Tong University The lead author of this report was Associate Researcher ZHAO Linlin, Dr. SUN Runlong, Dr. LI Linjie,Dr. HUANG Wenhao, and Dr. FANG Shuo from First Institute of Oceanography, MNR. We would like tothank G:HUB colleagues who were kindly involved in the drafting or review of this report: CHEN Jiliang,XUN Boyang. 关于自然资源部第一海洋研究所 自然资源部第一海洋研究所始建于1958年，是从事基础研究、应用基础研究和社会公益服务的综合性海洋研究所。其海洋保护地研究团队长期专注于海洋保护地的基础科学研究、管理科技支撑和社会公益服务，以期为推动海洋自然资源和生物多样性的保护、恢复和管理提供科学依据。 About First Institute of Oceanography Established in 1958, the First Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources is acomprehensive marine research institute engaging in basic research, applied basic research andsocial welfare services. Its marine reserve research team has a long history of focused work on basicscientific research, management science and technology support, and social welfare services formarine reserves, aiming to provide scientific basis for promoting the conservation, restoration andmanagement of marine natural resources and biodiversity. 关于北京绿研公益发展中心 北京绿研公益发展中心（简称：绿研）登记注册于北京市民政局，是一家扎根国内、放眼全球的环境智库型社会组织。我们致力于全球视野下的政策研究与多方对话，聚焦可持续发展领域的前沿问题与创新解决方案，助力中国高质量地实现“碳中和”目标并推进绿色、开放、共赢的国际合作，共促全球迈向净零排放与自然向好的未来。 About G:HUB Greenovation Hub (GHub) is an independent environmental think tank with a global outlook, registered withthe Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau. GHub advances the policy development and dialogues incutting-edge areas of sustainable development, seeks innovative solutions to quality growth, climateresilience and carbon neutrality in China and beyond, contributing to a net-zero and nature-positive future. 目录二 Executive Summary To address the global loss of biodiversity, the Convention on Biological Diversitys "30×30" target callson countries to ensure that at least 30% of the Earths surface is under effective protection by 2030,emphasizing that expanding the coverage of nature reserves has become a core task of currentinternational conservation efforts. However, most existing conservation plans are based on statichabitat data to delineate protected areas, neglecting the dynamic changes in species distributioncaused by seasonal migration. This approach fails to fully account for the critical habitats an