变化世界中的经济安全

Economic Security inaChangingWorld New Approaches to Economic Challenges Economic Securityin a Changing World This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. ISBN 978-92-64-87007-9 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-62069-8 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-98994-8 (HTML) New Approaches to Economic ChallengesISSN 2707-7926 (print)ISSN 2707-7934 (online) Photo credits:Cover © ImageFlow/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Preface Economic securityiskeyto the stability and prosperity ofcountries andsocieties. Throughout modernhistory, economies have sought to protect their critical supply chains and the basic needs of theirpopulations from disruptions and external threats.Economic security continues to be a central objectivein today’s highly interconnected and complex global landscape. As this report highlights,different aspects of economic securityare closely intertwined, such as supplychain resilience, energy security and cybersecurity. For example, the security of supply chains, includingfor energy,isimportant forensuring secure energy supply. Energy securityin turniskeyto cybersecurity,withblackoutsbeinga threat to cybersecurity.Cybersecurity relieson the security of supply chains forspecific critical inputs,such as advanced chips,and digital technologies. Thisreportis part of theOECD’sNew Approaches to Economic Challenges(NAEC) work programme.The NAECinitiative,established in 2012,follows an interdisciplinary approach to economic and policyanalysis, drawing on new thinking from a range of disciplines and supportingthe analytical work andpolicy advice that the OECD provides to its member and partner countries. Insights in this reportbuild on the expertise across the OECD Secretariat and the International EnergyAgency.They highlightthe importanceof economic security in the context of highdegrees ofgeopoliticaluncertaintyand globalinterconnectedness.The reportcontributesto facilitatinginformed policymakingand strategic responses to ensure economic stability and resilience in an ever-changing world. OECD Chief Economist Acknowledgement The report contains contributions from:Przemysław Kowalski and Andrea Andrenelli (Trade andAgriculture Directorate);Laurent Bernat, LaurenCrean,Antton Haramboure, Guy Lalanne,Lea SamekandAngela Attrey(Directorate for Science,Technology and Innovation);Keisuke Sadamori(International Energy Agency); andBenjamin Katz,Ana Novik,Joachim PohlandNicolás Rosselot(Directorate for Enterprise and Financial Affairs). It was co-ordinated and edited by Valentine Millot,Łukasz Rawdanowicz and Douglas Sutherland. The report benefited from useful comments by: Alain deSerres,Åsa Johansson and Alvaro Pereira (Economics Department); Marion Jansen and Julia Nielson(Trade and Agriculture Directorate); Julia Carro, Ga