2025年亚太航空连通性：后疫情时代复苏进程观察

August 2025 Contents Executive summary3Introduction and methodology42013–2019: The rapid growth in Asia Pacific connectivity5Changes in international connectivity: Europe and Asia in the lead5Changes in domestic connectivity:India and Mainland China in a class of their own7Qualitative changes in connectivity: The rise of LCCs82019–2025: Unprecedented contraction in Asia Pacific connectivity10Changes in international connectivity: Asia’s singular case of route attrition10Northeast Asia’s increasing isolation12Central and South Asia emerging as hotspots of connectivity14Changes in domestic connectivity: Six years of stagnation15Qualitative changes in connectivity: LCCs maintain resilience16Conclusion and discussion18Appendix — Sub-regional focus21Southeast Asia21Northeast Asia31Central Asia40South Asia48Southwest Pacific56Appendix — List of Asia Pacific markets by sub-region63Contact us65 Disclaimer This report has been independently prepared by Deloitte based on access to data and information made available by OAG. All findings,interpretations, and opinions expressed in this report are those of Deloitte and do not necessarily reflect the views of OAG. No reliance may be placed for any purposes whatsoever on the contents of this report or on its completeness. No representation orwarranty, express or implied, is given and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by or on behalf of Deloitte or by any of itspartners, members, employees, agents or any other person as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information containedin this report or any other oral information made available, and any such liability is expressly disclaimed. © 2025 Deloitte Consulting Pte. Ltd. Executive summary Asia Pacific is the only region of the worldto have experienced a net contraction ofits international network.Considering howfundamental connectivity is to socioeconomicgrowth, this relative isolation may incur a lastingopportunity cost to the region’s tourism incomeand jobs, cross-border trade, cultural and scientificexchanges, and shared prosperity. For example,Indonesia has lost both international (-20) anddomestic (-113) routes, and yet is dependent on airtravel given its archipelagic geography. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recoveryhave profoundly reshaped the air transportnetwork in Asia Pacific, both quantitatively (in thenumber of unique airport pairs) and qualitatively(in the international vs. domestic balance of thoseconnections and their geographical distributionwithin the region). Below is a summary of our key observations fromanalyzing OAG data: Our headline finding is that Asia Pacific is farmore isolated from the rest of the world thanin 2019.Over the last six years (Dec. 2019 to Dec.2025), Asia Pacific has experienced a gross loss1of 1,017 international routes and gained 789 newones, for a net loss of 228 that erased nearly aquarter of the gains from the previous six years(Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2019). Intra-Asia Pacific routesaccount for 92% of the losses, and routes betweenAsia Pacific and the Americas for the majority ofthe remaining 8%. We observe a relative qualitative shift in AsiaPacific air connectivity from international todomestic.The region has lost 1,573 domesticroutes and gained 1,574 new ones between 2019and 2025, meaning that in aggregate, its domesticnetwork has remained remarkably stagnant forsix full years. When compared with the markedcontraction in the international network, however,it also means that the domestic network hasgained in relative density within the region. This international network contraction maycome as a surprise given the post-COVID trafficrecovery.As of 2025, international passengertraffic to, from, and within Asia Pacific (asmeasured in Revenue-Passenger Kilometers, orRPK) has recovered to a level of 115% of its pre-pandemic baseline. This makes our observationof a shrinking international network seemcounterintuitive, unless explained through thelens of an aircraft capacity reallocation towardthicker-yield routes with growing demand. The rebalancing of domestic destinations hasbeen unevenly distributed among Asia Pacificmarkets.The zero-sum trajectory of the regionaldomestic network over the last six years concealssignificant gains and losses at the individualmarket level. India and Mainland China haveemerged as the clear winners with 150 and 71new domestic routes, respectively. This contrastswith Indonesia and the Philippines, which havelost 113 and 12 domestic routes respectively,despite being archipelagic markets that dependon air travel for internal mobility and trade. The Asia Pacific loss of internationalconnectivity is heavily concentrated in justtwo sub-regions.Airport pairs to, from, and withinNortheast Asia account for nearly two-thirds of thegross losses in international routes; Southeast Asiaaccounts for nearly another third. At an individualmarket level, the markets that have lost the mostinternational routes are Mainlan