尼泊尔人力资本评估：培养尼泊尔人才以促进经济增长（英）2025

© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibil-ity for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Thecitation of works authored by others does not mean The World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank,all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 HStreet NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Graphic design: Alejandro Espinosa Contents Acknowledgments3 I. Introduction4 II. Human capital accumulation: What isthe potential of young Nepalis and futureworkforce?6 What is driving Nepal’s low HCI?8 Why does Nepal continue to have pooreducation and health outcomes?11 III. Human capital utilization: How muchof the existing human capital is used in thelabor market?16 What is driving Nepal’s low UHCI?19 Why does Nepal have low labor forceparticipation rates?20 IV. Conclusion: How can we support youngNepalis to achieve their full potential?24 Acknowledgments This report was prepared by a World Bank team led by Monica Yanez-Pagans, JasmineRajbhandary, and Mamata Ghimire. The team included Emmanuel Vazquez, GabrielleArenge, Suravi Bhandary, Paola Polanco, Yoshihiro Saito, and Soyesh Lakhey. The reportbenefited from valuable contributions from Ayesha Vawda, Sangeeta Carol Pinto,Sachiko Kataoka, Maya Sherpa, Jyoti Maya Pandey, Lokendra Phadera, Mohamed IhsanAjwad, Anna Koziel, Mohan Aryal Ojashwi Samser JB Rana, Prashant Raj Pandey, andAnupama Shakya. The team also benefited from insightful comments and feedbackfrom peer reviewers Pablo Acosta, Jorge Coarasa, Marina Bassi, Victoria Levin, andManav Bhattarai. The team would like to thank the National Planning Commission and the NationalStatistics Office for providing access to the Nepal Living Standards Survey IV 2022-2023microdata used for this study. The team is very grateful to the Incessant Rain team fortheir support in developing the dissemination materials for this report. Special thanks goto Mahima Manandhar and Harminder Singh for their excellent administrative support,to Alejandro Espinosa for his outstanding graphic design contributions, and to AvinashiPaudel and Akash Shrestha for their valuable support in producing the Nepali version ofthe report and for their contributions to the communication and engagement strategyto disseminate the main findings. This report was prepared under the guidance of David N. Sislen (Regional CountryDirector for Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka), Stefano Paternostro (Acting RegionalDirector for People, South Asia), Nicole Klingen (former Regional Director for People,South Asia), Keiko Inoue (Practice Manager, Education Global Practice, South Asia),Cem Mete (Practice Manager, Social Protection Global Practice, South Asia), FengZhao (Practice Manager, Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice, South Asia),Ayesha Vawda (People Program Leader for Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka), and ReneLeon Solano (former People Program Leader for Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka). I. Introduction Sujata dreams of becoming a doctor one day. She is a happy5-year-old living in Ribdikot, a small village in the mid-hills ofNepal, who likes spending time with her dog, playing withher friends, and helping her parents tend to their family’sginger farm. Sadly though, Sujata’s future as a doctor mayonly be a pipedream. by analyzing the circumstances in which Nepali childrengrow up and determining the potential and productivity theycan achieve as adults. It poses the questions: What wouldhappen to productivity