印度尼西亚交通转型：加速二轮与四轮电动汽车普及

TransformingIndonesia‚sTransportation Accelerating EV Adoptionfor Two- and Four-Wheelers RMI, AEML, AND ENTREV | JUNE 2025 About RMI Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 that transforms global energy systems throughmarket-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient, clean energy future for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders,communities, and other partners, RMI drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boost access to affordableclean energy in ways that enhance security, strengthen the economy, and improve people’s livelihoods. RMI is active in over 60 countries. About AEML AEML (Electric Mobility Ecosystem Association) is a forum for EV pioneers to catalyze the development of a world-class electric mobilityecosystem in Indonesia. AEML engages, sustains, and grows the EV ecosystem through engagement with vehicle brand owners, batteryproviders, infrastructure players, energy leaders, ride-hailing and fleet operators, financiers, and market developers. AEML’s mission ofelectrifying mobility in Indonesia is based on a calling to protect the environment by reducing pollution. AEML will achieve its vision ofsupporting the adoption of EVs and fostering the creation of a globally competitive EV ecosystem. About ENTREV ENTREV (Enhancing Readiness for the Transition to Electric Vehicles in Indonesia) is a collaborative project between the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Directorate General of Electricity). The project is runningfrom 2023 to 2027 with a budget of US$1.8 million funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The project targets direct greenhousegas emissions reductions of 473,800 tCO2from demonstration activities and the number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) used, and indirectemissions reductions of 6.1 million tCO2from continued use and increasing the number of BEVs within 10 years after the project ends. The projectactivities are to develop a BEV ecosystem (KBLI — Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis baterai), strengthen charging station infrastructure(SPKLU — Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum), advocate policies to regulators, and build public awareness to use more environmentallyfriendly transportation through various media. Authors and Acknowledgments Copyrights and Citation Authors Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for the inputprovided by the International Council onClean Transportation (ICCT), the Institutefor Transportation and DevelopmentPolicy (ITDP), and Randy Rakhmadi andEtsa Amanda of Yayasan Visi IndonesiaRaya Emisi Nol Bersih (ViriyaENB). Theauthors would like to thank our RMIcolleague Pranav Lakhina, who providedthe underlying model for our analysis andsubstantial input into its adaption for theIndonesian market. Eko Adji Buwono,ENTREVMonkgogi BuzwaniKelly CarlinRizky FauziantoAndika Akbar HermawanHannah LindsellMarie McNamaraBrian O’HanlonSamhita ShiledarKriti Singh Eko Adji Buwono, Monkgogi Buzwani,Kelly Carlin, Rizky Fauzianto, AndikaAkbar Hermawan, Hannah Lindsell, MarieMcNamara, Brian O’Hanlon, SamhitaShiledar, and Kriti Singh,TransformingIndonesia’s Transportation: AcceleratingEV Adoption for Two- and Four-Wheelers,RMI, 2025,https://rmi.org/insight/transforming-indonesias-transportation. RMI values collaboration and aims toaccelerate the energy transition throughsharing knowledge and insights. We thereforeallow interested parties to reference, share,and cite our work through the CreativeCommons CC BY-SA 4.0 license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Authors are listed alphabetically. All authorsare from RMI unless otherwise noted. Contacts The authors would also like to thank theDrive Electric Campaign for their generoussupport that made this report possible. Kelly Carlin,kcarlin@rmi.orgRizky Fauzianto,rfauzianto@rmi.orgSamhita Shiledar,sshiledar@rmi.org Cover art by Achmad Al Fadhli/Unsplash.All other images are from iStock.com unlessotherwise noted. Table of Contents Report Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Indonesia’s transportation sector..................................................................................13Global EV market development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 EV-supportive conditions in Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Total cost of ownership comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22EV sales projections. . . . . .