联合国贸易发展委员会-加强发展中国家国家创新体系中的科技创新园建设

Technical note Strengthening science,technology and innovation parksin national innovation systems ofdeveloping countries Technical note Geneva, 2025 © 2025, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested,together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint to be sent to theUNCTAD secretariat: Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. This publication has been edited externally. Strengthening science, technology and innovation parksin national innovation systems of developing countries Acknowledgements This technical note was prepared, under the guidance of Angel González Sanz, Head of theTechnology, Innovation and Knowledge Development Branch of the UNCTAD Division onTechnology and Logistics, by a team led by Liping Zhang (project leader) and including RuslanRakhmatullin and Xiahui Xin. The technical note was prepared under the UNCTAD project, “Science, technology and innovationparks for sustainable development: Building expertise in policy and practice in selected Asianand African countries”, financed by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Subfundunder the United Nations Peace and Development Fund. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the substantive contributions provided by McLean Sibanda(Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Megethos Legacy Catalyst, South Africa). The manuscript was edited by John Rogers. Cover design and desktop publishing were undertaken by the UNCTAD Communication andExternal Relations Section. Table of contents Acknowledgements...............................................................................iii I. Introduction.......................................................................................1 II. International practices and lessons learned....................................3 III. Challenges in developing countries................................................6 IV. Policy recommendations..................................................................8 A. Integrate STI parks into innovation policy to enhance collaborative networks..........8B. Increase awareness and visibility of STI parks..........................................................9C. Ensure governance, management and operational coherence................................10D. Make STI parks relevant to the surrounding economy............................................10 V. Conclusion.......................................................................................11 References...........................................................................................12 I. Introduction Typically, STI parks are physical spaceswhere multiple technology- or knowledge-intensive organizations co-locate. Theirobjective is to stimulate innovation basedon research and development (R&D) andleverage STI capabilities (UNCTAD, 2015).The primary objective is to foster innovationthrough R&D activities, forge and strengthencooperation among firms, facilitateknowledge transfer and promote the transferof technology, not only from academic andR&D institutions but also from outside theregion, to firms (Makhdoom et al., 2022). Invarious innovation ecosystems, STI parksmay be known by different terms, such asinnovation hubs, tech hubs, technopoles,research parks, science parks, or innovationclusters (United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization (UNIDO), 2021). Science, technology and innovation (STI)parks are essential components of robustinnovation ecosystems. An innovationecosystem is the evolving set of actors,activities and artefacts, as well as theinstitutions and relationships that worktogether to promote entrepreneurship,innovation and economic development(Granstrand and Holgersson, 2020;Sotirofski, 2024). Within an innovationecosystem, STI parks act as intermediaries,bringing together the various actors andinstitutions, including government, industry,academic and research institutions,communities, entrepreneurs, financiers,entrepreneurship and innovation supportstructures such as incubators, and markets(Amoroso and Soriano, 2019; Hermann etal., 2020). Owing to their unique catalyticcharacteristics, STI parks function as abridge between these various actors. STI parks buildbridges acrossinnovationecosystems Strengthening science, technology and innovati