重新思考媒介素养：信息完整性的新生态系统模型

I N S I G H TR E P O R TJ U L Y2 0 2 5 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 Introduction5 1State of media and information literacy7 2Building a comprehensive model to strengthen information integrity13 3A socio-ecological model to tackle disinformation15 4The disinformation life cycle17 5A socio-ecological model23 6Mapping MIL interventions26 7Action points35 Conclusion39 Contributors40 Endnotes42 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders. ©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Agustina CallegariLead, TechnologyGovernance, Safety andInternational Cooperation,World Economic Forum Sasha HavlicekChief Executive Officer,Institute for Strategic Dialogue Daniel DobrygowskiHead, Governance and Trust,World Economic Forum The ability to navigate and critically engage withinformation is a fundamental skill in today’s digitalage. Media and information literacy (MIL) lies at thecore of efforts to strengthen information integrity andfoster a safer, more trustworthy online environment.However, the onus cannot be solely on individualinformation consumers to assess credibility, whenthe mechanisms and tools to enable deceptionat ever-greater speed, scale, sophistication andcomplexity are ubiquitous. In such an environment,responsibility must be shared by a whole range ofstakeholders. This includes the structures that existto incentivize certain behaviours over others. encouraging interventions that disincentivize theproduction and viral distribution of disinformation.As seen in theGlobal Risks Report 2025– theWorld Economic Forum’s annual survey of 900experts worldwide on global threats – disinformationand misinformation were identified as the toprisk over the next two years, reflecting mountingconcerns about their impact on democracy, socialcohesion and global stability. This report not only highlights the urgent need forenhanced MIL but also offers practical approachesto embed it across different sectors, age groupsand regions. It reinforces the idea that digital safetyis a process extending beyond the individual tocommunities, public institutions, multilateral bodiesand the private sector. The development of onlinespaces is a shared societal endeavour that muststart with education and empowerment. This report presents a new model for acomprehensive, whole-of-society approach to MIL. Itaims to provide a framework for mapping the rangeof interventions needed and optimizing efforts tomitigate the proliferation and impact of disinformationwhile protecting free expression. It builds on the workof the Global Coalition for Digital Safety, particularlyits focus on effective digital safety interventions,including education-based strategies. Moreover, the model presented in this report can serveas a valuable tool for understanding a wider rangeof challenges that affect the information environmentbeyond media literacy alone – including onlineharms, trust erosion and emerging threats driven bynew technologies. It reflects the Global Coalition forDigital Safety’s ongoing commitment to developingscalable, collaborative solutions that not only addressimmediate risks but also build the foundations for ahealthier, more resilient digital ecosystem in the future. The Coalition’s work highlights the crucial rolethat multistakeholder approaches play in shapinghealthier digital ecosystems. The aim of theCoalition is to help people develop the skills neededto better access, analyse, evaluate, create andresponsibly consume media while at the same time Executive summary Today’s digital era has been shapedby the rapid evolution of socialmedia platforms and, increasingly,the proliferation of generative AI. As public confidence in information – whether fromlegacy media, public institutions or social media –has plummeted, the ability to critically engage withinformation and understand the technologies andmechanisms underpinning its distribution is essentialfor preserving democratic civic discourse, publicsafety and meaningful freedom of expression. This report aims to present a more holistic model,identifying all possible entry points for interventionand putting greater focus on the supply-and-demand dynamics of information spaces. This new model, designed to aid the effectivenessand expansion of information integrity via acomprehensive approach to MIL, combines twoconceptual frameworks: Media and information literacy is theinterrelatedness of competen