竞争政策促进发展：推动市场实现包容性增长（英）

Public Disclosure Authorized © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does notassume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use oforfailure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, andother information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning thelegal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, thiswork may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The WorldBank Group,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Competition Policy for Development:PoweringMarketsforInclusiveGrowth June2025 Contents Contents......................................................................................................................................iAcknowledgements....................................................................................................................iiiKey messages.............................................................................................................................ivIntroduction.................................................................................................................................1Chapter 1-The current state of play: A challenging environment for competition...........................4There are signs ofweak market competition in developing economies........................................4Business ownership networks—i.e., conglomerates–can generate risks to competition.............5Governments are using policy tools that risk undermining competition.....................................10References.............................................................................................................................11Chapter 2–A multivariate approach to assess competition: Screening for industries that wouldbenefit from stronger competition..............................................................................................15Competition is a complex process difficult to capture with single traditional measures ofcompetition...........................................................................................................................15A multi-dimensional assessment provides a more nuanced reading of the environment to screenfor industries where competition may be at risk.......................................................................17Industries at risk of weak competition represent a significant share of economic activities, arefrequent in key sectors and important along value chains........................................................23Boosting competition in high-risk industries can yield substantial productivity and wage growthgains to the economy..............................................................................................................26Business ownership networks influence competition...............................................................27References.............................................................................................................................31Chapter 3–Competition authorities in action: Achievements and challenges..............................34Competition authorities are contributing to better development outcomes through competitionlaw enforcement....................................................................................................................34Besides enforcement, competition authorities have changed the institutional and regulatoryecosystem through successful advocacy................................................................................39Competition authorities in developing economies face various challenges...............................43References.......................................................................