指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案

S. 1582—2(B) does not include—(i) a distributed ledger protocol;(ii) developing, operating, or engaging in the busi-ness of developing distributed ledger protocols or self-custodial software interfaces;(iii)an immutable and self-custodial software(iv) developing, operating, or engaging in the busi-ness of validating transactions or operating a distrib-(v) participating in a liquidity pool or other similarmechanism for the provisioning of liquidity for peer-to-peer transactions.ISTRIBUTEDLEDGER.—The term ‘‘distributed ledger’’means technology in which data is shared across a networkthatcreates a public digital ledger of verified transactionsor information among network participants and cryptographyis used to link the data to maintain the integrity of the publicledger and execute other functions.(9) DISTRIBUTED LEDGER PROTOCOL.—The term ‘‘distributedledger protocol’’ means publicly available and accessible execut-able software deployed to a distributed ledger, including smartcontracts or networks of smart contracts.EDERALBRANCH.—Theterm‘‘Federal branch’’hasthe meaning given that term in section 3 of the Federal DepositInsurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813).EDERALQUALIFIED PAYMENT STABLECOIN ISSUERTheterm‘‘Federal qualified payment stablecoin issuer’’(A)a nonbank entity,other than a State qualifiedpayment stablecoin issuer, approved by the Comptroller,pursuant to section 5, to issue payment stablecoins;(B) an uninsured national bank—(i) that is chartered by the Comptroller, pursuantto title LXII of the Revised Statutes; and(ii) that is approved by the Comptroller, pursuantto section 5, to issue payment stablecoins; and(C) a Federal branch that is approved by the Comp-troller, pursuant to section 5, to issue payment stablecoins.(12) FOREIGN PAYMENT STABLECOIN ISSUER.—The term ‘‘for-eign payment stablecoin issuer’’ means an issuer of a payment(A)organized under the laws of or domiciled in aforeign country, a territory of the United States, PuertoRico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands; and(B) not a permitted payment stablecoin issuer.(13) INSTITUTION-AFFILIATED PARTY.—With respect to a per-mitted payment stablecoin issuer, the term ‘‘institution-affili-ated party’’ means any director, officer, employee, or controllingstockholder of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer.CREDITUNION.—Theterm‘‘insured creditunion’’has the meaning given that term in section 101 ofthe Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752).(15) INSURED DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘insureddepository institution’’ means— interface;uted ledger; orstablecoin that is—(14)INSURED (8) D(10)F(11)F.—means— S. 1582—3(A)an insured depository institution,as defined insection 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C.(B) an insured credit union.(16) LAWFUL ORDER.—The term ‘‘lawful order’’ means anyfinaland valid writ,process,order,rule,decree,command,orother requirement issued or promulgated under Federallaw, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by an author-ized Federal agency pursuant to its statutory authority, that—(A) requires a person to seize, freeze, burn, or preventthe transfer of payment stablecoins issued by the person;(B) specifies the payment stablecoins or accounts sub-ject to blocking with reasonable particularity; and(C) is subject to judicial or administrative review orappeal as provided by law.(17) MONETARY VALUE.—The term ‘‘monetary value’’ meansa national currency or deposit (as defined in section 3 of theFederal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)) denominated(18) MONEY.—The term ‘‘money’’—(A) means a medium of exchange currently authorizedor adopted by a domestic or foreign government; and(B) includes a monetary unit of account establishedbyan intergovernmental organization or by agreementbetween 2 or more countries.ATIONALCURRENCY.—The term ‘‘national currency’’means each of the following:(A) A Federal Reserve note (as the term is used inthe first undesignated paragraph of section 16 of the Fed-eral Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 411)).(B) Money standing to the credit of an account witha Federal Reserve Bank.(C) Money issued by a foreign central bank.(D) Money issued by an intergovernmental organiza-tion pursuant to an agreement by 2 or more governments.(20) NONBANK ENTITY.—The term ‘‘nonbank entity’’ meansaperson that is not a depository institution or subsidiaryof a depository institution.(21) OFFER.—The term ‘‘offer’’ means to make availablefor purchase, sale, or exchange.STABLECOIN(A) means a digital asset—(i) that is, or is designed to be, used as a meansof payment or settlement; and(ii) the issuer of which—(I)is obligated to convert,redeem,orrepurchase for a fixed amount of monetary value,notincluding a digital asset denominated in afixed amount of monetary value; and(II) represents that such issuer will maintain,or create the reasonable expectation that it willmaintain, a stable value relative to the value ofa fixed amount of monetary value; and(B) does not include a digital asset that—(i) is a national cu