菲律宾老年人贫困状况的描述性分析（英）

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKTheADB Economics Working Paper Seriespresents research in progress to elicit commentsand encourage debate on development issuesin Asia and the Pacific. The views expressedare those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views and policies of ADB orits Board of Governors or the governmentsthey represent.ADB Economics Working Paper SeriesA Descriptive Analysis of Poverty Among Older Peoplein the PhilippinesJose Ramon G. Albert, Arturo Martinez Jr.,Aiko Kikkawa, Donghyun Park, Gemma Estrada,Mar Andriel Umali, and Joseph Albert Niño BulanNo. 789 | July 2025 Jose Ramon G. Albert (jrgalbert@gmail.com) andMar Andriel Umali (maumali.consultant@adb.org) areconsultants, Arturo Martinez Jr. (amartinezjr@adb.org)is a senior statistician, Aiko Kikkawa (akikkawa@adb.org)is a senior economist, Donghyun Park (dpark@adb.org)is an economic advisor, Gemma Estrada is a formerstaff, and Joseph Albert Niño Bulan (jbulan@adb.org)is an associate statistics officer at the EconomicResearch and Development Impact Department,Asian Development Bank. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)© 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444Some rights reserved. Published in 2025.ISSN 2313-6537 (print), 2313-6545 (PDF)Publication Stock No. WPS250261-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS250261-2The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to useCorrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars and “₱” refers to pesos.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “South Korea” as the Republic of Korea,and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. www.adb.orgthe ADB logo.Notes: ABSTRACTThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of poverty trends among older people in thePhilippines,using various data sources.It analyzes both monetary and multidimensionalmeasures of poverty, as well as income sources, expenditure patterns, asset ownership, andliving arrangements among older households. The findings reveal complex dynamics andnuanced patterns of poverty among older people, highlighting the limitations of traditional metricsin capturing the full scope of this age group’s economic vulnerability. Key findings include thereliance of many older households on remittances, higher spending on essentials like food andhealth care, and generally lower asset ownership compared to other households. The study alsoexamines the impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic and discusses policy implications foraddressing poverty among older people in the Philippines.Keywords:poverty, older people, PhilippinesThis paper was prepared with the support from the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Technical Assistance(TA) 6928: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2021–2023 Subproject 3. It serves as a follow-up studyto the concluded ADB TA 9356, which focused on the use of innovative data analytics, particularly machinelearning algorithms, for population and poverty data disaggregation. JEL codes:I32, J11, J14________________________ 1.INTRODUCTIONThe world is experiencing a demographic transformation toward an aging society, defined as onethat has between 7% and 14% of the population aged 65 years or above (OECD and WHO 2022).Although the global