基里巴斯椰子产业改革升级的建议

© 2024 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments theyrepresent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors,denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of TheWorld Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this workis given.Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “The World Bank. 2024. Cracking the Nut: A Proposal for Reforming andUpgrading Kiribati’s Coconut Industry © World Bank.”All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The WorldBank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Cover photo: World Bank AcknowledgmentsThis report was prepared by Blair Edward Lapres (Economist), Aarre Laakso (Consultant), and SamuelWills (Economist, Task Team Leader). It benefitted from helpful and insightful comments by AlexandreLaure (Senior Private Sector Specialist), Allan Oliver (Senior Agriculture Specialist), Christopher Miller(Senior Private Sector Specialist), and Stamatis Kotouzas (Senior Land Administration Specialist). Weare grateful to the Kiribati Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, the Ministry of Environment,Lands and Agricultural Development, and Kiribati Coconut Development Ltd for inputs and feedbackon a draft version of this document. Table of ContentsTable of Contents........................................................................................................................3Kiribati: Geographic Factsheet.................................................................................................7Abbreviations................................................................................................................................8Background of the engagement..............................................................................................9Executive Summary..................................................................................................................111.Kiribati is a small island state with limited resources...............................................152.Kiribati needs to reduce the copra subsidy to lower its fiscal burdenand reduce distortions to the economy......................................................................192.1The copra subsidy in Kiribati is expensive and distortionary...........................192.1.1The government heavily subsidizes copra production.........................192.1.2The copra subsidy creates a heavy fiscal burden...................................212.1.3Copra subsidies also create market distortions witha variety of negative effects.......................................................................232.2Reducing the fiscal burden and distortions requires cutting thecopra subsidy and providing alternative social protection programs...........232.2.1The price for copra should be reduced to reflect globalmarket conditions........................................................................................232.2.2Any change to the price paid for copra should be offsetby increasingsocial protection payments to the outer islands...........272.2.3Fixing the market distortion is necessary but not sufficientto induce growth..........................................................................................283.Challenges in primary production can be met by reforms to landadministration and valuation.........................................................................................293.1Agriculture is an important economic activity but is largelynon-commercial.......................................................................................................293.2The ownership of productive agricultural assets is inefficient........................323.3Kiribati needs to adapt land administration and improve valuationinfrastructure to attract investors..........................................................................354.Reducing inefficiencies of Kiribati’s SOEs would improve performance...........374.1Kiribati’s copra value chain is inefficient..............................................................374.1.1Weigh stations are prone to loss and spoilage.......................................374.1.2Shipping to Tarawa for processing