制定和实施国家感染预防和控制行动计划：实用指南

Development andimplementationof national actionplans for infectionprevention and controlPractical guide Developmentandimplementationofnationalactionplansforinfectionpreventionandcontrol:practicalguideISBN 978-92-4-011194-3 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011195-0 (print version)© World Health Organization 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGOlicence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided thework is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorsesany specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then youmust license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work,you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the WorldHealth Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original Englishedition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules ofthe World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/).Suggested citation. Development and implementation of national action plans for infection prevention and control:practical guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/.Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. Tosubmit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright.Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figuresor images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission fromthe copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work restssolely with the user.General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on mapsrepresent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted,the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, thepublished material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for theinterpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. ContentsAcknowledgementsAbbreviations and acronymsGlossaryBefore you start: how to navigate this practical guidePart 1.Introduction to the practical guide1.1.Quick summary1.2.Background and introduction1.3.Purpose1.4.Targetaudience1.5.Development methodology1.6.Key considerationsPart 2.Recap on strategic directions, key actions, indicators and targets2.1.Quick summary2.2.Recap on the vision, objectives, strategic directions, key actions, indicators and targetsTable 2.2.Strategic direction 1: political commitment and policiesTable 2.3.Strategic direction 2: active IPC programmesTable 2.4.Strategic direction 3: IPC integration and coordinationTable 2.5.Strategic direction 4: IPC knowledge among health and care workers and careerpathways for IPC professionalsTable 2.6.Strategic direction 5: data for actionTable 2.7.Strategic direction 6: advocacy and communicationsTable 2.8.Strategic direction 7: research and developmentTable 2.9.Strategic direction 8: collaboration and stakeholder supportPart 3A.Developing and implementing your infection prevention and controlnational action plan3A.1.Quick summary3A.2.The five steps of implementation3A.3.Spotlight on governanceStep 1– Preparing for actionStep 2– Baseline assessmentStep 3– Developing and implementing the IPC NAPStep 4– Evaluating impactStep 5– Sustainability vviiiixxi12233457881113161821232425272828292937424547 Implementation of each strategic direction3B.1.Quick summary3B.2.Strategic directions: targeted activities, resourc