碳市场数字MRV标准化技术指导说明：系统评估标准和热点评估

AcknowledgmentsThis technical guidance note is an output of the Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group (CMIWG) convened by the World Bank. The CMI WG members are Abaxx Exchange, Air Carbon Exchange,B3—Brazilian Stock Exchange, BeZero Carbon, Climate Action Data Trust (CAD Trust), ClimateImpact X, CME Group, EcoRegistry, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD),Global Carbon Council (GCC), Global Carbon Market Utility (GCMU), Gold Standard, Indian EnergyExchange (IEX), INFRAS, Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), IntercontinentalExchange,International Standards Organization(ISO),International Swaps and DerivativesAssociation (ISDA), Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), Nasdaq, Philip Lee LLP, Puro.earth,S&P Global Commodity Insights, SustainCERT, Sylvera, Verra, World Bank, and Xpansiv.The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Secretariat and the Climate DataSteering Committee (CDSC) Secretariat participated as observers.The note was prepared by a subgroup chaired by SustainCERT, with support from the InternationalAssociation of Validation and Verification Bodies (IAVVB). This work reflects the collective insights ofexperts from across the carbon market ecosystem. Contributing members included: Harmke Immink,Marion Verles, Nadine Planzer (SustainCERT), and Javier Castro (IAVVB); Adrian Vidal, Jose Fuentes,and Luis Arribas (AENOR Confía); Ann Howard (ANAB); Anirban Chatterjee (Bureau Veritas); KavirajSingh (Earthood); Alexander Saldarriaga, Thomas Ceballos, and Juan Duran (EcoRegistry); SubhenduBiswas (Global Carbon Council); James Closser (Global Carbon Market Utility); Vikash Talyan (GoldStandard); Wes Geisenberger (Hedera Foundation); Yuanita Paramitasari (ICVCM); GudmundurSigbergsson and Oli Torfason (International Carbon Registry); Juer Fuessler (Infras); Belen Suarez(ISO Technical Committee); Axel Michaelowa, Sergi Cuadrat, and Paulien Veen (Perspectives); AyseFrey, Raphaël De Ry, and Sven Kolmetz (Project Developer Forum); John Tkacik and Stefan Zelazny(Prospect); Rebecca Healey (Redlap Consulting); Sophia Farrar (Sylvera); Bratin Roy and Eric Tolcach(TÜV SÜD); Benktesh Sharma and Joe Dell’Orfano (Verra); and Chandra Shekhar Sinha, GemmaTorras Vives, Kathleen Geneviève Weary (World Bank).Editorial support was provided by Clarity Global Strategic Communications and Kathleen GenevièveWeary (Consultant, World Bank), and design support was provided by Simpelplus. Support wasalso provided by the World Bank’s mAI, an AI research assistant, for data organization and contentstructuring. © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.orgThe findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect theviews of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgmenton the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries.Rights and permissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes, aslong as full attribution to this work is given.Please cite the work as follows: The World Bank; Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group. 2025.“Technical Guidance Note on Standardizing Digital MRV in Carbon Markets: System EvaluationCriteria and Hotspots Assessment,”Washington, DC. Table of contents List of tables and figuresTable 1Composition of the CMI WGTable 2Summary of key barriers to dMRV implementationTable 3Evaluation criteria for dMRV systemsTable 4Summary of major differences between MRV and dMRV and possible rolesFigure 1Key challenges and recommendations of the five CMI WG technical guidance notesFigure 2Conventional MRV workflowFigure 3Digital MRV workflowFigure 4CMI WG subgroup survey results: Key barriers to dMRV system adoptionFigure 5CMI WG subgroup survey results: Perceived risks and biases in dMRV approachesFigure 6CMI WG subgroup survey results: Prioritized evaluation criteria for dMRV systemsFigure 7Proposed process-level sequence for dMRV GHG workflowFigure 8Macro-level comparative timeline of traditional MRV and digital MRV (dMRV) approaches Abbreviations and acronymsAIartificial intelligenceAPIapplication programme interfaceCALIFORNIA ABCalifornia Air Resources BoardCDSCClimate Data Steering CommitteeCMI WGCarbon Markets Infrastructure Working GroupDMRVdigital monitoring, reporting and verificationERemission reductionGHGgreenhouse gasICVCMIntegrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon MarketIOSCOInternational Organization of Securities CommissionsIoTInternet o