加强碳市场数据和系统互操作性的技术指导说明：当前形势和战略建议

Enhancing Data and SystemsInteroperability for Carbon Markets:Current Landscape and StrategicRecommendations Acknowledgments This technical guidance note is an output of the Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group(CMI WG) convened by the World Bank. The CMI WG members are Abaxx Exchange, Air CarbonExchange, B3—Brazilian Stock Exchange, BeZero Carbon, Climate Action Data Trust (CAD Trust),Climate Impact X, CME Group, Ecoregistry, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD), Global Carbon Council (GCC), Global Carbon Market Utility (GCMU), Gold Standard, IndianEnergy Exchange (IEX), INFRAS, Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM),Intercontinental Exchange, International Standards Organization (ISO), International Swaps andDerivatives Association (ISDA), Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), Nasdaq, Philip Lee LLP, Puro.earth, S&P Global Commodity Insights, SustainCERT, Sylvera, Verra, World Bank, and Xpansiv. The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Secretariat and the Climate DataSteering Committee (CDSC) Secretariat participated as observers. This technical guidance note was prepared by a subgroup chaired by the Climate Action Data Trust(CAD Trust). Contributing members included Pascal Hartwig (BeZero Carbon), Evan Kong and IevaSteponaviciute (CAD Trust), Juan David Duran (EcoRegistry), James Closser and Monica Greco(GCMU), Mikela Waldman (ICVCM); Pedro Baiz and Rebecca Healey (ISO liaison), Nikodem Lackiand Jonty Rushford (S&P Global Commodity Insights), Shona Crawford-Smith and Ben Rattenbury(Sylvera), David Sturt (Verra), Gemma Torras Vives and Chandra Shekhar Sinha (World Bank), andJeffrey Berman (Xpansiv). Coordination support was provided by Winnie Tan (CAD Trust) and Ander Trevino Aizpurua (WorldBank). Editorial support was provided by Clarity Global Strategic Communications and KathleenGeneviève Weary (Consultant, World Bank), and design support was provided by SimpelPlus.Support was also provided by the World Bank’s mAI, an AI research assistant, for data organizationand content structuring. © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect theviews of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgmenton the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries. Rights and permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes, aslong as full attribution to this work is given. Please cite the work as follows: The World Bank; Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group. 2025.“Technical Guidance Note on Enhancing Data and Systems Interoperability for Carbon Markets:Current Landscape and Strategic Recommendations,”Washington, DC. Table of contents List of tables and figures Table 1Composition of the CMI WGTable 2Examples of pre-issuance data inconsistencies and their implicationsTable 3Overview of data standardization and interoperability initiatives in carbon marketsTable A1Governments developing or operating a national registry for Article 6 or other policiesTable A2Governments participating in Article 6 without a registryTable A3Crediting program registry operatorsFigure 1Key challenges and recommendations of the five CMI WG technical guidance notesFigure 2Illustrative architecture of information flows under Article 6.2 cooperation underpinnedby ICP creditsFigure 3Mapping global interoperability efforts along the carbon credit lifecycleFigure 4Summary of stakeholder-oriented recommendations for interoperability Abbreviations and acronyms AEFagreed electronic formatAFassessment frameworkAPIapplication programme interfaceBTRBiennial Transparency Reports Foreword Carbon markets hold significant potential as a vehicle for channeling climate finance to developingcountries, many of which face growing needs that far exceed available funding.When designedwith high integrity, these markets not only unlock capital and drive verifiable emissions reductionsbut also help close investment gaps in critical sectors. Beyond their environmental impact, well-functioning carbon markets support job creation and deliver tangible financial benefits to localcommunities. Significant progress is already underway.As highlighted in the World Bank’s 2024 State and TrendsReport, several key initiatives are advancing the integrity and functionality of carbon markets. TheInternational Organization of Securi