不丹国家气候与发展报告（英）2025

BHUTAN COUNTRY CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT REPORTJUNE 2025PAVING THE WAYFOR RESILIENTAND DIVERSIFIEDECONOMIC GROWTH © 2025 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Asso-ciation (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), collectively known as TheWorld Bank Group, with external contributors.The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or the conclusions orjudgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographicalerrors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes andother information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of any of the organizations of The World Bank Group concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does notmean The World Bank Group endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, their respective Boards of ExecutiveDirectors, and the governments they represent.The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities, or invest-ment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. Some of the organizations of The WorldBank Group or their affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certainof the companies and parties named herein.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of any of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may bereproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given and all further permissions thatmay be required for such use (as noted herein) are acquired. The World Bank Group does not warrant that the content contained in this workwill not infringe on the rights of third parties and accepts no responsibility or liability in this regard. All queries on rights and licenses shouldbe addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Bhutan Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) was produced by a core team led by Rangeet Ghosh(TTL) and Wanli Fang (Co-TTL), comprising (in alphabetical order by first name) Alvin Etang Ndip, Anders Jensen,Arati Belle, Camilla Knudsen, Chung Gu Chee, Ewa Sobczynska, Florent McIsaac, Hannah Messerli, Houda Kara-fli, Joachim Vandercasteelen, Jumana Alaref, Maximilian Fischbach, Melanie Simone Trost (TTL at the conceptstage), Michel Ragnvald Mallberg, Nancy Tulsyan, Natasha Bernadette Chapplow, Natasha Kapil, Sandhya Srini-vasan, and Yumeka Hirano.The CCDR synthesizes analytical work and sectoral inputs provided by an extended technical team comprising (inalphabetical order by first name) Brent Boehlert, Diego Castillo, Dzenan Malovic, Esther G. Naikal, Jana Lemke,Jia Li, Joris Bücker, Jun Rentschler, Junko Narimatsu, Kamalika Das, Kenneth Strzepek, Kim Smet, Kok Zi Cheng,Kristoffer Welsien, Matthew Brian Gough, Meerim Shakirova, Naho Shibuya,, Paolo Avner, Ross Marc Eisenberg,Rui Su, Shawn W. Tan, Shruti Vijayakumar, Sunil Kumar Khosla, Svetlana Valieva.Assistance in data collectionfor the Adaptation and Resilience Diagnosis was provided by Bramka Arga Jafino, Pema and Dechen Tshering.The team benefited greatly from comments and suggestions from the peer reviewers Alice Brooks, Joanna Masic,Martin Heger and Muthukumara S. Mani.The Bhutan CCDR was a collective effort of the World Bank Group, including the World Bank, International FinanceCorporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and was prepared under the guidanceof Martin Raiser, Adama Coulibaly, Abdoulaye Seck, Cecile Fruman, Dina Umali-Deininger, Mathew A. Verghis, ImadFakhoury, Conor Healy, Martin Holtmann, Christian Albert Peter, Hoon Sahib Soh, Abhas Jha, Thomas Michael Kerr,Gyongshim An, and Souleymane Coulibaly.Support for logistics and communications was provided by Tshering Yangki, Mehrin A. Mahbub, Rosemary BirungiKyabukooli, Ugyen Tshering Pelden and Dorji Drakpa.Lucy Southwoo