区域能源转型展望：欧盟

© IRENA 2025Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, providedthat appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributedto third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties mayneed to be secured before any use of such material..ISBN: 978-92-9260-658-9Citation:IRENA (2025),Regional energy transition outlook: European Union, International Renewable Energy Agency,Abu Dhabi.About IRENATheInternational Renewable Energy Agency(IRENA)is an intergovernmental organisation that supportscountries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for internationalco-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledgeon renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewableenergy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainabledevelopment, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity.www.irena.orgAcknowledgementsThe report was developed under the guidance of Roland Roesch (ex-Director, IITC) and Ricardo Gorini. It was authoredby Sean Collins, Milenko Matosic Suárez, Rodrigo Leme, Gondia Seck, Bishal Parajuli and Yuan Sun (IRENA), María VicenteGarcía, Adam Adiwinata, and Pablo Rimancus (consultant).IRENA would like to also thank for all their support and guidance: Kendall Esmeijer, Andreas Zucker, Sebastian Sterland Biljana Kulisic (DG ENER); Immavera Sardone, Titas Anuskevicius and Vincent Basuyau (DG GROW); Georgia Kitsakiand her team (DG MOVE); all representatives from participating Member States who took part in the engagementworkshop, October 2024.The report also benefitted from valuable inputs from technical experts: Varvara Aleksic, Simon Benmarraze, NorelaConstantinescu, Francisco Gafaro, Chun Sheng Goh, Petya Icheva, Danial Saleem (IRENA), Daniel Carillo and NicholasWagner (ex-IRENA).Publication and editorial support were provided by Francis Field and Stephanie Clarke. Technical review was provided byPaul Komor. The report was edited by Steven Kennedy with design provided by Nacho Sanz.This report was funded by the European Commission and prepared by IRENA in collaboration with the European Commissionand benefited from consultations with Member States.For further information or to provide feedback:publications@irena.orgThis report is available for download:www.irena.org/publicationsDisclaimerThis publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the materialin this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind,either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein.The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies or certainprojects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legalstatus of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. REGIONAL ENERGYTRANSITION OUTLOOKEUROPEAN UNION 4| REGIONAL ENERGY TRANSITION OUTLOOK: EUROPEAN UNIONFOREWORDThe European Union (EU) continues to lead the global energy transition, takingdecisive steps to secure its economic and industrial competitiveness, reducefossil fuel import dependency and enhance energy security. Its commitmentto the transition is embodied by ambitious climate targets, as well as landmarkpolicies and plans such as the Clean Industrial Deal, the Action Plan for AffordableEnergy and REPowerEU.End-use sector decarbonisation, however, remains a considerable challengeto progress, owing to slowing electric vehicle adoption, resistance fromhard-to-decarbonise industries and limited success in building renovation.Meanwhile, the global climate agenda faces growing headwinds as politicalshifts threaten to undermine international unity on climate commitments.The leading role of the EU at the forefront of the global energy transition remainsvital, therefore. With renewable energy at the heart of its strategy, the EU seeksto balance energy security, economic competitiveness and climate action, whilstleveraging the strong business case offered by the energy transition, unlockingnew market opportunities, driving innovation and attracting investme