2022年蒙古贫困更新：新方法，新见解

MONGOLIA POVERTYUPDATE 2022Ulaanbaatar city2025New Methods, New Insights © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of TheWorld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in theinformation, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other informationshown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legalstatus of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of worksauthored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors orthe content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Cover design: Khanui LuvsandorjMongolia Poverty Update 2022: New Methods, New Insights2 FOREWORD (NSO)NATIONAL STATISTICSOFFICE CHAIRMANB. BATDAVAAMongolia Poverty Update 2022: New Methods, New Insights MongoliahasadoptedtheSustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) and its long-termdevelopmentpolicy document“Vision 2050”in line with the call to “Leave No One Behind”to eradicate poverty, protect the planet and theenvironment, and provide opportunities for peaceand prosperity. The SDGs are a set of goals topromote intergrated, balanced and sustainabledevelopment to achieve in the future, with threepillars: social, economic, and environmental.The basis for achieving the above goals is toend poverty and hunger in all its forms, respecthuman rights, and create equity. The NationalStatistics Office of Mongolia has been workingon compilation of statistics on poverty, usinginternationallyacceptedmethodologiestomonitor implementation of the SDGs and thedevelopmentpolicy of Mongolia to supportevidence based decision making.TheNational Statistics Office conducts the“HouseholdSocio-EconomicSurvey”toestimate poverty indicators based on populationconsumption data, and has been working closelywith the World Bank since 2002 to develop andconduct poverty measurement methodologies.InMongolia,the poverty line was estimatedannually until 2010, but since 2012, it has beenpossible to compare poverty over the long termby using the 2010 poverty line as a baseline andindexing it with price indices.Inaccordance with the recommendations ofthe World Bank and international organizations,the poverty baseline is updated every ten yearsto reflect changes in the living standards andconsumption patterns of the population. Thus,the poverty baseline was updated in 2022, basedon the basic needs expenditure method withthe technical assistance of the World Bank. TheWorld Bank also released new best practices for3 We would like to thank Mr. Taehyun Lee, countrymanager and Ms. Lydia Kim, economist of theWorldBank Mongolia and poverty researchexperts and the staff of the World Bank for theirtechnical support in estimating the survey datain accordance with international methodologiesand for their collaboration in developing the dataand report.Mongolia Poverty U pdate 2022: New Methods, New Insights countries on the measurement of poverty and theconsumption aggregate in 2022.” Based on theseupdated guidelines, Mongolia’s “Methodology forCalculating Basic Poverty Indicators” was revised,reflecting improvements in the estimation of thepoverty line and adjustments for household sizeand composition.This report reflects the main changes in thepovertyline and consumption aggregate,aswell as the poverty profile of the population asof 2022. We hope that the results of the studywillbe an important source of informationforpolicymakers,international organizations,scholars, and researchers.4 FOREWORD (WORLD BANK)Mongoliahas made significant strides ineconomic development and poverty reductionin the past decade. As the country continueson its development path, ensuring that growthtranslates in