海事金融和海事金融中心的发展

Developments In Maritime Finance &Maritime Financial Centres Authors Simon Mills & Mike Wardle, Z/Yen Group February2024 © Z/YenGroup, 2024 Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................................................3Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................................5The Maritime Sector & Maritime Financial Centres.......................................................................................10Introduction..........................................................................................................................................10Current Size And Shape Of Maritime Markets.......................................................................................11The Modern Merchant Fleet..................................................................................................................12Freight Rates..........................................................................................................................................14Location Of Ship Building Activity...........................................................................................................16Vessel Ownership...................................................................................................................................17Registration...........................................................................................................................................20Maritime Finance...................................................................................................................................21Purchasing And Refitting Vessels............................................................................................................21Alternative Sources Of Finance...............................................................................................................24Other Segments Of The Maritime Finance Sector...................................................................................28Characteristics Of Maritime Financial Centres.......................................................................................30Successful Maritime Centres..................................................................................................................32Connectivity...........................................................................................................................................34The Knowledge Economy.......................................................................................................................36An Enabling Environment.......................................................................................................................382 Developments In Maritime Finance............................................................................................................42Derivatives............................................................................................................................................42Freight Derivatives.................................................................................................................................43Fintech...................................................................................................................................................45ESG........................................................................................................................................................50Green Finance........................................................................................................................................543. New Challenges For Maritime Financial Centres........................................................................................62The Net Zero Transition.........................................................................................................................62Direct Emissions.....................................................................................................................................62Fleet Composition..................................................................................................................................67Information Technology........................................................................................................................71Blockchain.............................................................................................................................................71Artificial Intelligence..............................................................................................................................73The Metaverse.....................................................................................................................................