2025年世界护理状况报告

2025 Investing in education,jobs, leadership andservice deliveryS t a te o f t h enursingworld’s 2025 State of the world’s nursing 2025: investing in education, jobs, leadership and service deliveryISBN 978-92-4-011023-6 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011024-3 (print version)© World Health Organization 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there shouldbe no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHOlogo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalentCreative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimeralong with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization(WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English editionshall be the binding and authentic edition”.Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/).Suggested citation.State of the world’s nursing 2025: investing in education, jobs, leadership and servicedelivery. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/.Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright.Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, suchas tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for thatreuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement ofany third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may notyet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they areendorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed orimplied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no eventshall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.Cover photos:Left: Nurse Lillian leads a daily health discussion at the NCD clinic at Koidu Government Hospital, SierraLeone. © WHO/Michael DuffLeft centre: Nurse giving babies the polio vaccine in the occupied Palestinian territory. © WHORight centre: a midwife/nurse applies an adhesive bandage to 10-year-old Fitriani after she receives hervaccination. © WHO/Harrison ThaneRight: Nurse who attended an immunization training in Bokhtar, Tajikistan. © WHODesign: Prographics, Inc. Preface��������������������������������������������������������������������ivAcknowledgements����������������������������������������������������������vExecutive summary���������������������������������������������������������viiIntroduction������������������������������������������������������������Health priorities and workforce requirements in the SDG era������������2�1The focused health priorities for the remaining years of the SDG era���������52�2Current context and challenges for the global health and care workforce�����62�3Globally agreed approaches to address health workforce challenges���������9Global nursing workforce policy context��������������������������������3�1Objectives and methods������������������������������������������������15Nursing roles and contributions to thehealth-relatedSDGs, including UHC4�1Health promotion�����������������������������������������������������194�2Providing care through the life course�����������������������������������204�3Essential public health functions, including eme