沼气和生物甲烷展望

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYIEA membercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesThe EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEAThe IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gasand coal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policiesthat will enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31 member countries,13associationcountries andbeyond.This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundariesand to the name of anyterritory, city or area.Revised version,May 2025Information notice found at:www.iea.org/correctionsSource: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org IEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine 3AcknowledgementsThis study was prepared by the Office of the Chief Energy Economist in the Directorate ofSustainability, Technology and Outlooks, in co-operation with other directorates and officesPeter Zeniewski, Senior Energy Analyst, co-ordinated the work and was the lead author; hedesigned and directed the report together withTim Gould, Chief Energy Economist, andJeanne-Marie HaysandGyubin Hwangled the biogas and biomethane supply modelling.The other main authors wereAna Alcalde Báscones,Quentin Minier,Natalie StClairandOther valuable contributions from the IEA came fromEthan Burkley, Darlain Edeme,The report benefited from the advice and guidance of visiting professorJerry Murphy,Director of the SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, and Chair of CivilSeveral colleagues within the IEA provided valuable comments, data and feedback, inparticular Yasmine Arsalane, Tomás De Oliveira Bredariol,Carole Etienne, Ilkka Hannula,Dennis Hesseling, Akos Losz, Jeremy Moorhouse, Arthur Roge, Courtney Turich, Ivo Walinga,Thanks go to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for help in producing the report andwebsitematerials,particularly Jethro Mullen,Poeli Bojorquez,Curtis Brainard,Astrid Dumond, Liv Gaunt, Grace Gordon, Julia Horowitz and Wonjik Yang. The IEA Office ofthe Legal Counsel, Office of Management and Administration and Energy Data CentreThis analysis has been supported by the Clean Energy Transitions Programme, the IEA’sflagship initiative to transform the world’s energy system to achieve a secure and sustainableThe comments and suggestions of the following experts who provided input and reviewedEuropean Biogas AssociationEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre Acknowledgementsof the International Energy Agency (IEA).Christophe McGlade, Head of the Energy Supply Unit.JunTakashiro.Chiara Hampton, Luke HattonandRyszard Pospiech.Engineering at University College Cork.Eleni TsoukalaandDavina Tillprovided essential support.Caren Browncarried editorial responsibility.Qi Wang and Daniel Wetzel.provided assistance throughout the preparation of the report.future for all.Peer reviewerspreliminary drafts of the report were of great value:Anastasiya AgapovaSacha AlbericiGuidehouseMarco BuffiSophie CasenaveSTX GroupIEA. CC BY 4.0. 4International Energy Agency|Outlook for Biogas and BiomethaneThe work reflects the views of the International Energy Agency Secretariat but does notnecessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries or of any particular funder,supporter or collaborator. None of the IEA or any funder, supporter or collaborator thatcontributed to this work makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, inrespect of the work’s contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not beresponsible for any use of, or reliance on, the work.This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundariesand to the name of any territory, city or area.IEA. CC BY 4.0. AcknowledgementsComments and questions are welcome and should be addressed to:Tim GouldChief Energy EconomistInternational Energy Agency9, rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceE-mail: WEO@iea.orgIEA. CC BY 4.0. Table of Contents7Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. 3Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 9Biogases today131.1Introduction................................................................................................... 141.2Biogas and biomethane....................................