2024年工业发展报告

FULL REPORTINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTREPORT 2024 DisclaimerThe designations employed and the presentationof the material in this document do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the partof UNIDO Secretariat concerning the legal status ofany country, territory, city, or area or of its author-ities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries, or its economic system or degree ofdevelopment. Designations such as “Global South”,“developed”, “industrialized” or “developing” areintended for statistical convenience and do notnecessarily express a judgement about the stagereached by a particular country or area in the de-velopment process. The maps used in this reportare for illustrative purposes only and do not implythe expression of any opinion on the part of UNIDO,concerning the legal status of any country or terri-tory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers orboundaries. The mentioning of firm names or com-mercial products does not constitute an endorse-ment by UNIDO.Copyright © 2024 UNIDOMaterial in this publication may be freely quoted orreprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, to-gether with a copy of the publication containing thequotation or reprint.For reference and citation, please use: United NationsIndustrial Development Organization, 2024.IndustrialDevelopment Report 2024. Turning Challenges intoSustainableSolutions.The New Era of IndustrialPolicy. Vienna.Printed on recycled paper. About UNIDOThe United Nations Industrial Development Organi-zation (UNIDO) is a specialized agency of the UnitedNations with a unique mandate to promote, dynam-ize and accelerate sustainable economic and indus-trial development.Our mandate is reflected in Sustainable Develop-ment Goal (SDG) 9: “Build resilient infrastructure,promote inclusive and sustainable industrializationand foster innovation”, but UNIDO’s activities con-tribute to all the SDGs.UNIDO’s vision is a world without poverty and hun-ger, where industry drives low-emission economies,improves living standards, and preserves the envi-ronment for present and future generations, leavingno one behind.UNIDOprovides support to its Member Statesthrough four mandated functions: technical cooper-ation; action-oriented research and policy-advisoryservices;normative standards-related activities;and fostering partnerships for knowledge and tech-nology transfer.Our work is concentrated on three focus areas: end-ing hunger by supporting sustainable food systemswith modern agri-tech and agribusiness; tacklingclimatechange by using renewable energy andenergy efficiency to reduce industrial greenhousegas emissions; and supporting sustainable supplychains so that developing country producers get afair deal and scarce resources are preserved. Vienna, May 2024FULL REPORTINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT2024TURNING CHALLENGES INTO SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONSThe New Era of Industrial Policy ContentsFOREWORD......................................................................................................10EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................12ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................16ABBREVIATIONS AND TECHNICAL NOTES.................................................18INDUSTRIAL POLICY: A SOLUTION TO MEET GLOBALCHALLENGES AND ACCELERATE PROGRESS ON THE SDGsCHAPTER 1 Global challenges........................................................................................221.1 Global polycrisis hits the developing world: SDG progress hampered......................................241.2 Megatrends reshaping the world: developing countries at risk of being sidelined..............261.3 Responding to the global challenges................................................................................................31CHAPTER 2 Industry brings solutions..........................................................................342.1 Accelerating the SDGs through industry............................................................................................362.2 New industrial policies are urgently needed..................................................................................47CHAPTER 3 Shaping the future: The next generation of industrial policy.........523.1 Putting the SDGs at the forefront........................................................................................................563.2 Looking into the future.........................................................................................................................623.3 Working in collaboration......................................................................................................................683.4 Coordinating with neighbours.............................................................................................................72CHAPTER 4 Turning challenges into opportunities: a new deal for fairglobalization and solidarity...