气候移民及其对孟加拉国妇女的影响（英）

Contents Acknowledgments I.Snapshot of Findings and Recommendations1 Findings1Recommendations to Address Gendered Impacts of Climate Migration3 II.Gender and Climate Migration in BangladeshObjectives of the Knowledge Brief III.Exploring Evidence from Southwestern Bangladesh Gender-Based ViolenceHuman CapitalEconomic Outcomes Key Plans to Address Climate Migration and GenderOpportunities and Challenges in the Current Policy Environment V.The World Bank’s Response to the Climate Crisis andGender Equality The World Bank Portfolio in Bangladesh VI.Conclusion and Recommendations Policy RecommendationsOperational Recommendations References This knowledge brief was prepared by a team led by Sabah Moyeen (Senior SocialDevelopment Specialist) and Erisha Suwal (Social Development Specialist), under theguidance of Patricia Fernandes (Lead Social Development Specialist) and Margaret Farida Aboulmagd, Amar BK, Samera Chowdhury, Jigyasa Sidana, Mohsiu RashedinTazrin and Sanan I. Zaman provided inputs at various stages of the writing process. Theteam is grateful to the participants of a consultation meeting held for comments andfeedback on the knowledge brief. Gayle Martin (Operations Manager), Gyongshim An(Lead Urban Specialist, Program Lead), Bernard Haven (Senior Economist), Anne T.Kuriakose (Senior Social Development Specialist), Ayago Esmubancha Wambile (SeniorEconomist), Md. Akhtaruzzaman (Senior Social Development Specialist), and Barbara The team is thankful to peer reviewers Viviane Clement (Senior Climate ChangeSpecialist), Abidah Setyowati (Senior Social Development Specialist), and Anne T. The team thanks Robin Mearns (Practice Manager, Social Sustainability and Inclusion),Abdoulaye Seck (Country Director for Bangladesh-Bhutan) and Dina Umali-Deininger(Regional Director, Sustainable Development Practice Group) for their overall leadership The team is thankful to Azreen Karim from the Bangladesh Institute of DevelopmentStudies (BIDS) for conducting the survey on migrant households in southwesternBangladesh. Finally, the team thanks those women and men of southwestern Bangladesh I.Snapshotof Findings and Findings climate migrants by 2050, potentially making up37 percentof all South Asianclimate migrants. 2. the World Bank tomanage climate migration, which needs to be translatedinto actions. The GoB has identified managing climate migration and buildingclimate-migrant-friendly cities or secondary cities as priorities. Accelerated effort is needed, however, to support the GoB in addressing thegrowing impacts of climate migration. in Bangladesh. 5. ant compounding factor influencing people’s decisions to migrateand itrequires a broad definition to point out real risks. It is already estimated that inBangladesh, the number of climate migrants will soon outpace other internal of migration,given similarities in social norms and household structure. Thisbrief, however, focuses on gender dynamics among climate migrants to drawresources dedicated for climate change within the World Bank and the GoB. destination areas and women left behind in origin areas.Internal climate migra-tion affects all six outcomesidentified in the World Bank’s Gender Strategy from their migrating counterparts.They frequently face challenges, includingadditional economic hardships due to their husbands not sending back sufficientmoney, additional care responsibilities, and increased risk of health problemsresulting from climate change impacts. Women also face disruptions in access of Development Studies (BIDS), there areclear gender gaps in economicopportunities and earnings among male and female climate migrants.Overall, male climate migrants are three times more likely to be paid employeesthan female climate migrants. In both rural and urban areas, most male climatemigrants work as paid nonagriculture day laborers, while female climate migrants and those who migrate face higher gender-based violence (GBV) risks.These include domestic violence, sexual harassment in public spaces and the workplace, and child marriage. Recommendations to Address Gendered Impacts of ClimateMigration 1.Expand the knowledge base onhow climate migration affects women in originand destination areas.Reform data policies to ensure collection of gender 3.Allocate sufficient resources to achieve necessary scale for investmentsin initiatives targeted at female climate migrants, including planning and development of secondary cities and towns. Policyrecommendations 4.Enhance women’s leadership in policy dialogue on climate migration andpromote women’s decision-making roles. 5.Prioritize and promote locally led climate action tomanage risks and impacts ofclimate migration on womenin Bangladesh. 6.Ensure that policies promote integrationand mainstreaming. 1.Strengthen GBV prevention and response interventionsto address challengesfaced by women climate migrants and women left behind in origin areas. 2.Design initiatives to enhance safe