不公正的气候衡量气候变化对农村穷人、妇女和青年的影响

Measuring the impacts of climate changeon rural poor, women and youth Measuring the impacts of climate changeon rural poor, women and youth Required citation:FAO. 2024.The unjust climate – Measuring the impacts of climate change on rural poor, women and youth.Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9680en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border linesfor which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers,whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAOin preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-138590-6© FAO, 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes,provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAOendorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work isadapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of thiswork is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was notcreated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the contentor accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration asdescribed in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules andany arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission onInternational Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials.Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables,figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtainingpermission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party ownedcomponent in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing.FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications)and can be purchased through publications-sales@fao.org. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via:www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to:copyright@fao.org. Front and Back Cover Photograph: © FAO/Fahad Kaizer Contents FOREWORDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSABBREVIATIONSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii PART I. CLIMATE VULNERABILITY IN RURAL AREAS: EVIDENCE ON THE ROLE OF WEALTH,GENDER AND AGE 1.INTRODUCTION 2.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: UNDERSTANDING HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS RURAL PEOPLE7What is climate vulnerability?9 Extreme weather events cause considerable income losses for the rural poor17Extreme weather events push poor rural households to adopt maladaptive coping strategies18Poor rural households become more reliant on agriculture as long-term temperatures increase19 Extreme weather events reduce the incomes of female-headed households significantlymore than those of male-headed households25Female-headed households cope with extreme weather events in various ways27 Female plot managers are as capable as male plot managers to adopt adaptive agriculturalpractices, but lose more as a result of extreme weather events27 Women take on an additional work burden compared to men when extremeweather events occur29 Long-term increases in temperature affect the farm and total incomes of female-headedhouseholds more than those of male-headed households30 Long-term exposure to temperature rises affects plots managed by men and womenin the same manner, notwithstanding differences in adaptive strategies32 5.AGE-RELATED DISPARITIES IN CLIMATE VULNERABILITY35 Extreme weather events alter employment opportunities and labour allocationsfor different age groups38 Long-term temperature rises push young households to diversify their incomes39 6.PRIORITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INCLUSIVE CLIMATE POLICIES43 More attention and funding for vulnerable rural peop