为扩大撒哈拉以南非洲的气候融资奠定基础（英）

IMF Working PaperAfrican DepartmentLaying the Ground for Scaling up Climate Finance in Sub-Saharan AfricaPrepared by Edward Gemayel, Samuele Rosa, Vidhi Maheshwari, Christoph Ungerer, and Peter LindnerAuthorized for distribution by Edward R. GemayelMay2025IMF Working Papersdescribe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicitcomments and to encourage debate.The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of theauthor(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.ABSTRACT:Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces growing climate vulnerability, with rising temperatures andextreme weather threatening agriculture, food security, and economic growth. These challenges worsenpoverty, fiscal constraints, and limited human capital investment. To address these risks, SSA countries needto scale up green investments while ensuring debt sustainability. Given insufficient traditional public financing, amix of grants, concessional debt, and private investments is crucial. This paper presents survey results onclimate finance in SSA and introduces the Climate Finance Preparedness Index (CFPI) to assess countries'readiness for green financing, highlighting the need for policy reforms, institutional strengthening, andRECOMMENDED CITATION:Gemayel, E., Rosa, S., Maheshwari, V., Ungerer, C., & Lindner, P. (2025).Laying the Ground for Scaling up Climate Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Paper No. WP/25/99.Q54, Q56, H63, O55, E62Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); Climate change adaptation; Climatefinancing; Mitigation and resilience; Public financial management(PFM)egemayel@imf.org;srosa@imf.org;vmaheshwari@imf.org;plindner@imf.org;cungerer@imf.org. innovative financial products.International Monetary Fund.JEL Classification Numbers:Keywords:Author’s E-Mail Address: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUNDLaying the Ground for Scaling upClimate Finance in Sub-SaharanAfricaLeveraging Survey Insights and IMF Country Work toScale Climate Finance in SSAPrepared by Edward Gemayel, Samuele Rosa, Vidhi Maheshwari, ChristophUngerer, and Peter Lindner11This Working Paper benefited from valuable consultations with climate-focused groups across several IMF departments. The survey wasconducted by country teams in the African Department. Special thanks are extended to Catherine Pattillo and Montfort Mlachila for theirguidance throughout the process. Appreciation is also given to Vicky Pilouzoue for her work in compiling the document, and to GolnazBadkoubi for overseeing the questionnaire process and ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. 3 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUNDContentsIntroduction..........................................................................................................................................................5Climate Change in SSA .......................................................................................................................................7The Economic and Social Costs of Inaction .....................................................................................................8Economic Costs..............................................................................................................................................9Social Costs..................................................................................................................................................11Long-Term Economic Costs .........................................................................................................................11Responding to the Challenge—Mitigation and Adaptation Priorities in SSA ..............................................12Adaptation Investment Needs.......................................................................................................................13Mitigation Investment Needs ........................................................................................................................13Enhancing Climate Financing – a Pathway to Build Resilience....................................................................13Key Trends ...................................................................................................................................................15Global Trends ...............................................................................................................................................16Laying the Ground for Climate Financing in SSA ..........................................................................................16Scaling up Climate Financing - Survey Results .............................................................................................18Adaptation Vs Mitigation ...............................................................................................................................18Setting Up the Institutional Framework .............................................................................