创业生态系统诊断

OECDStudiesonSMEsandEntrepreneurship EntrepreneurialEcosystemDiagnostics OECDStudiesonSMEsandEntrepreneurship EntrepreneurialEcosystemDiagnostics Thisdocument,aswellasanydataandmapincludedherein,arewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. ThestatisticaldataforIsraelaresuppliedbyandundertheresponsibilityoftherelevantIsraeliauthorities.TheuseofsuchdatabytheOECDiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoftheGolanHeights,EastJerusalemandIsraelisettlementsintheWestBankunderthetermsofinternationallaw. Pleasecitethispublicationas: OECD(2025),EntrepreneurialEcosystemDiagnostics,OECDStudiesonSMEsandEntrepreneurship,OECDPublishing,Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/7096961f-en. ISBN978-92-64-87285-1(print) ISBN978-92-64-33396-3(PDF) ISBN978-92-64-40587-5(HTML) OECDStudiesonSMEsandEntrepreneurshipISSN2078-0982(print) ISSN2078-0990(online) Photocredits:Cover©OrbonAlija/GettyImagesPlus. CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundat:https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html. ©OECD2025 Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0) ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0Internationallicence.Byusingthiswork,youaccepttobeboundbythetermsofthislicence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–youmustcitethework. Translations–youmustcitetheoriginalwork,identifychangestotheoriginalandaddthefollowingtext:Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweentheoriginalworkandthetranslation,onlythetextoforiginalworkshouldbeconsideredvalid. Adaptations–youmustcitetheoriginalworkandaddthefollowingtext:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbytheOECD.TheopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedinthisadaptationshouldnotbereportedasrepresentingtheofficialviewsoftheOECDorofitsMembercountries. Third-partymaterial–thelicencedoesnotapplytothird-partymaterialinthework.Ifusingsuchmaterial,youareresponsibleforobtainingpermissionfromthethirdpartyandforanyclaimsofinfringement. YoumustnotusetheOECDlogo,visualidentityorcoverimagewithoutexpresspermissionorsuggesttheOECDendorsesyouruseofthework. AnydisputearisingunderthislicenceshallbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththePermanentCourtofArbitration(PCA)ArbitrationRules2012.TheseatofarbitrationshallbeParis(France).Thenumberofarbitratorsshallbeone. Foreword Entrepreneurshipisakeydrivingforceineconomicgrowthandinnovation.Itsscaleandqualityvaryacrosscountries,reflectingdifferencesintheirenablingandhinderingconditionsforentrepreneurship.Theseconditionsaresetoutintheconceptoftheentrepreneurialecosystem,whichidentifiestherelevantactors,factorsandinteractionsinaplace. Whiletheentrepreneurialecosystemconcepthasbeenwidelyadoptedinentrepreneurshippolicyandresearchinrecentyears,thereremainsagapinourcapacitytomeasurethedifferentaspectsofentrepreneurialecosystemsanddiagnosewherepolicyreformsmayberequired.Thisreportoffersafirsttheoreticallyandempiricallyinformeddatasetandbenchmarkingtoolaimedatsupportingthediagnosisofentrepreneurialecosystemsforall38OECDcountriesbasedonanoperationalisationoftheentrepreneurialecosystemconcept. ThisworkbuildsonandextendstheOECD’spioneeringroleindevelopingentrepreneurshipindicatorsoverthepast20years.Itisseenasafirst,pilot,step,inanongoingexercise.Itmakesuseofthebestdataavailabletodayforasufficientnumberofcountriesbutalsoprovidesanimpulseforthegenerationandcollectionofimprovedentrepreneurshipdata,whichcanbereportedoninfutureexercises. Thereportcontainsindicatorsofentrepreneurialecosysteminputs,outputsandvariationforeachOECDcountry,coveringtheirrecentevolutionovertime,cross-countrybenchmarkingandindividualcountryprofiles.Itaimstoassistpolicymakerstocompareperformanceonentrepreneurialecosystemconditionswithinandacrosscountriesandtodevelophypothesesonwhatmaybesupportingorholdingbackentrepreneurshipintheircountriesandwhatpolicyreformsandactionsmaybeneeded. Thereportthereforetakesfirststepinentrepreneurialecosystemdiagnosisforpolicydevelopment.Itrepresentsahigh-levelassessmentofferinginitialinsightsontheecosystemconditionsthatmayrequirefurtherdevelopmentindifferentcountries.Thesefirstinsightscanbefollowedupwithmoredetailedcountry-levelanalysesandstakeholderdialoguesonthenatureandcausesofanybarriersandhowtoreactthroughentrepreneurshippolicy. ThereportformspartoftheworkoftheOECDCommitteeonSMEsandEntrepreneurshiponboostingSMEsandentrepreneursasenginesofresilienceandgrowth,andnotablyitsworkonstart-upandscale-uppolicies.ThebroadecosystemmeasurementpresentedhereiscomplementedbyOECDcountry-levelandthematicanalysesinthisarea. Anearlierversionofthereportwaspresentedfordiscussionatthe7thsessionoftheCommitteeonSMEsandEntrepreneurship(CSMEE)on5November2024[CFE/SME(2024)18].Furtherdetailsonthedataandmethodologyusedforthediagnosticsareprovidedinacompanionworkingpaper. Acknowledgements ThisreportwaspreparedbytheOECDCentreforEntrepreneurship,SMEs,RegionsandCities(CFE)ledbyLamiaKamal-Chaoui(Director)asapartofthe“Developingecosystemsandpoliciesforstartups”activityoftheProgrammeofWorkandBudgetoft