降低可持续发展目标投资风险：政治风险保险的作用

U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N TPolicy reviewGeneva, 2025The role of political risk insuranceDerisking investmentfor the SustainableDevelopment Goals ii© 2025, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwideRequests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Center at copyright.com.All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to:United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.org/The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofMention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsementof the United Nations.This publication has not been formally edited.United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conferenceon Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/DIAE/PCB/2025/1ISBN: 978-92-1-003489-0eISBN: 978-92-1-107236-5Sales No. E.25.II.D.15 its frontiers or boundaries. The role of political risk insuranceiiiUnder its overall mandate on trade and development, the United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development (UNCTAD) serves as the focal point within the United Nations Secretariat for allmatters related to foreign direct investment (FDI). Its work is carried out through intergovernmentaldeliberations, research and analysis and technical assistance activities, as well as seminars,Information about the products, frameworks, services and publications of the UNCTAD Divisionon Investment and Enterprise is available atwww.unctad.org/diaeand on the institution’sinvestment policy hub (www.investmentpolicy.unctad.org). Noteworkshops and conferences.Cover: © Adobe Stock ivTable of contentsNote..............................................................................................................................iiiAcknowledgments......................................................................................................viAbbreviations.............................................................................................................viiHighlights....................................................................................................................viiiIntroduction.................................................................................................................ixChapter 1Foreign direct investment derisking1.1Key risks and emerging challenges for investors..........................................31.2Derisking instruments: PRI in context............................................................4Chapter 2Political risk insurance – key trends2.1Main providers of PRI...................................................................................102.2Geographical distribution of projects covered by PRI................................132.3Sectoral distribution of projects covered by PRI.........................................19Chapter 3PRI: challenges and opportunities3.1Increasing and emerging risks.....................................................................233.2Complexity and cost of PRI Products..........................................................243.3Lack of awareness........................................................................................263.4Sustainability standards...............................................................................273.5Multilevel collaboration.................................................................................29Chapter 4Way forward and policy recommendations4.1Tailor PRI offerings to emerging risks and SDG impact..............................354.2Streamline PRI products and reduce costs.................................................354.3Increase awareness and education about PRI............................................364.4Implement common sustainability standards..............................................364.5Enhance collaboration to expand derisking solutions................................36References.................................................................................................................38 ..................................................1..................................................7..................................................21..................................33 FiguresFigure 1Most PRI covers a wide range of risksFigure 2PRI contributes to drive investment in developing countriesFigure 3ECAs and multilateral institutions PRI share expanded over timeFigure 4PRI mainly covers FDI proje