管理从自然灾害到危险设施的风险（Natech）：工业和公共当局高级领导人指南

Series on Chemical Accidents Managing Risks from Natural Hazards toHazardous Installations (Natech) A Guide for Senior Leaders in Industry and Public Authorities Forthe OECD, this work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. For the European Commission, this document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’sscience and knowledge service. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the EuropeanCommission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use thatmight be made of this publication. For the United Nations, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The names and representation of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Pleasecitethispublicationas: OECD/European Union(2024),Managing Risks from Natural Hazards to Hazardous Installations (Natech):A Guide for SeniorLeaders in Industry and Public Authorities, OECD Series onChemical Accidents, OECD Publishing, Paris. © OECD/European Union2024 Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD, the UN and the European Union. The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD orof its Member countries, the UNor its MemberStates, and the European Union. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party andfor any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD’s, the UN’s or the European Commission’s respective logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD, the UNor the European Commission endorse your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitrationshall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Editorial There is growing awareness that natural hazards, even common ones such as lightning, canhavesignificant impacts on the safety of hazardous installations.Certain conditions, such as high and lowtemperatures,thawingofpermafrost,landslides, earthquakes or floodscanresult inaccidents withtherelease of hazardous substances, fires or explosions. Theseare referred to as Natural Hazard TriggeredTechnological accidents (or Natech accidents).Recent Natech accidents around the globehave causedmajor damage tohazardousinstallationswithoftendisastrous effectson human lives, the environment,infrastructure, regional security and economic development.In 2017,the flooding of a chemical planthandling organic peroxides in the UnitedStates followingmassive rainfall from Hurricane Harveytriggereda blackout and loss of refrigeration, resulting in the exposure of first responders to toxic fumes andnecessitating evacuation over a 1.5 mile radius.In 2011, a major earthquakein Japantriggered multiplefires and explosions ata refinery’s petroleum gasstorage tank farm. Firesburned for 10 daysand therefinery returned to full operation only 2 years later.Climate change is particularly relevant in this contextas it affects the intensity and frequency of natural hazards with potential unprecedented and unexpectedimpactsontheseinstallations. Leaders in industry and public authoritieshave a critical role to playin ensuringthe appropriate deliveryand governanceof the prevention of, preparednessfor, and response to Natech accidents,especially withan increasinglevel ofriskdue to climate change.Awareness raising, active engagement and informeddecision-making can help ensure more effective Natech risk management.Future changes andadaptations must be antic