可追溯性在关键矿产供应链中的作用

The Role of Traceabilityin Critical MineralSupply Chains This report was prepared by the International Energy Agency (IEA)andthe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its32member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA associationcountries: IEA membercountries: LuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMICCO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an internationalorganisation in which governments work together to find solutions to common challenges,develop global standards, share experiences and identify best practices to promote better policiesfor better lives. Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract As global demand for critical minerals grows, it will be important to anticipate andaddress the potential harms the mining and metals sector can have on societies,communities and the environment. Overlooking these risks can ultimately disruptsupply for clean energy technologies. Traceability systems can, when used as partof a wider risk-based due diligence process, help meet emerging policy goals byproviding ways to integrate data on origin, evolution, and ownership of minerals.Some traceability approaches can also provide a platform for embedding data onenvironmental, social and governance issues. To work effectively, however,traceability systems must be carefully designed – balancing standardisation andcontext,maintaining data quality,and adapting to varying supply chaincomplexities.They also require strong collaboration among companies,governments and civil society, backed by cost-sharing, reliable verification andsecure data-sharing protocols. Above all, traceability should serve clear objectivesrather than become an end in itself: policy makers and practitioners should adopta measured approach, progressively deploying mechanisms where necessarywhile allowing for inclusive participation and access to markets and investment.This report includes a practical eight-step roadmap, from setting policy objectivesto building trust mechanisms, which can help ensure traceability systems are fitfor purpose and aligned with the realities of global supply chains. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits This report was jointly prepared by the International Energy Agency (IEA) OfficeofLegal Counsel and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) Centre for Responsible Business Conduct. The report’sprincipal authors are, from the IEA, K.C. Michaels, Félix Gagnon, AlexandraHegarty and Joyce Raboca, and, from the OECD, Benjamin Katz, Cäcilie Le Gallicand Luca Maiotti. Other colleagues who contributed to this work include, from theIEA, Éric Buisson, Amrita Dasgupta, Shobhan Dhir, Yun Young Kim, GyubinHwangand Tristyn Page,and,from the OECD,Giulia Galli and KatarinaSvatikova. Tim Gould, Tae-Yoon Kim (IEA), Louis Maréchal, Hannah Koep-Andrieuand Allan Jorgensen(OECD)provided invaluable comments andfeedback. This report was prepared in consultation with, and with the support of, the IEA’sCritical Minerals Working Party and the OECD’s Working Party on ResponsibleBusiness Conduct. Valuable comments and feedback were received from the following externalexperts: Business & Human Rights Resource CentreUnited Nations Economic Commission forEuropeCirculorBureau des Recherches Géologiques etMinièresGovernment of PortugalMicrosoftTeck ResourcesGlencoreCirculorGovernment of CanadaLondon Metal ExchangeGovernment of the United KingdomSecuring America’s Future EnergyBHPGovernment of AustraliaGovernment of CanadaIMPACTGlobal Battery AllianceCobalt InstituteGlobal Wind Energy Council Caroline AvanSteve Capell Ellen CareyAnne-Marie Desaulty Paula DinisLeslie EsparzaKatie FedosenkoAnne-Marie FleuryJessica GreenLaurie HaileyNicole HansonLuke HarperAbigail HunterAndrew JacobKate JohnstonErle LamotheJoanne LebertGraham LeeSusannah McLarenNina Melkonyan Center on Global Energy PolicyBureau des Recherches Géologiques etMinièresSchneider ElectricTrafiguraBureau des Recherches Géologiques etMinièresSecuring America's Future EnergyGlobal Battery AllianceInitiative for Responsible Mining AssuranceSecuring Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in theGreen EconomyExtractive Industries Transparency InitiativeGlencoreIMPACTGovernment of CanadaGeneral MotorsGlobal Battery Alliance