2025年经合组织监管政策展望

OECD Regulatory PolicyOutlook2025 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. ISBN 978-92-64-34136-4 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-45255-8 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-43350-2 (HTML) OECD Regulatory Policy OutlookISSN 3079-2592 (online) Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword TheRegulatory Policy Outlook 2025is the OECD’s flagship publication on rulemaking, regulatory delivery,and review. It is a collaborative effort between the Members of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committeeand the OECD Secretariat within the Regulatory Policy Division of the Public Governance Directorate. This fourth edition of the Regulatory Policy Outlook was prepared under the leadership of Elsa Pilichowski,Director of the OECD Public Governance Directorate. It was co-ordinated by Christiane Arndt-Bascle andPaul Davidson under the direction of AnnaPietikäinen, Head of the Regulatory Policy Division. The main authors include Paul Davidson and AnnaPietikäinen(Chapter 1); Richard Alcorn, Paul Davidson,Ramisa Huq, Tobias Querbach and Estera Szakadatova (Chapter 2); Paul Davidson,Marianna Karttunen,Johannes Klein, Alexander Roberts and Yola Thuerer (Chapter 3); Miguel Amaral, James Drummond,Guillermo Hernández,Ramisa Huq, Becky King, and Tobias Querbach (Chapter 4); Manuel GerardoFlores Romero, Ramisa Huq, GiuseppaOttimofiore, Tobias Querbach, and consultants Emmanuel EckardandEkaterina Zakharyan(Chapter 5). Various drafts of the Regulatory Policy Outlook were reviewed and commented on byMembers of theOECD Regulatory Policy Committee, the OECD Network of Economic Regulators andBIAC.The Outlookalsosignificantlybenefited from the commentsof Daniel Trnka, along with specific comments fromCarlottaAlfonsi,Joanne Caddy,Conor Das-Doyle,Shemsije Jashari, Jesper Johnson,Sarah Kups,Clare McEvoy,Mauricio Mejia Galvan, Seong Ju Park,Wiktor Samek, Pierre Sarlieve and Bagrat Tunyan from the PublicGovernance Directorate. Particular thanks go to Olof Bystrom and Katherine Hassett from the EnvironmentDirectorate and to Julia Carro,Gallia Daor,Molly Lesher,Karine Perset, AudreyPlonk, Maximillian Reisch,and David Winickoff of the Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation. The Outlook relies heavily on the Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Gov