经合组织贸易便利化指标：到2025年的监测政策

OECD Trade FacilitationIndicators MONITORING POLICIES UP TO 2025 This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits:Cover © Sven Hansche/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Table of contents 1 International Trade and Trade Facilitation Policies5 2 Key Trends in Trade Facilitation Border agency co-operation is the top area of progress, yet the hardest to further improveA combination of institutional andregulatory reforms is driving improvements in border agencyco-operationImproved systems for certified traders, post-clearanceaudits and perishable goods are at theforefront of streamlining border procedures10Improved operational practices are neededto make trade documents and procedures fasterand easier10More comprehensive and accessible information is available online10Advance rulings, appeal processes and fees systems require technical improvements to workbetter11 3 TFIs Performance: Regional Highlights Asia-Pacific13Europe and Central Asia14The Americas16Middle East and North Africa18Sub-Saharan Africa19 4 Further Trade Facilitation Reforms are Critical to Promote Competitiveness21 5 Implications: Trade facilitation for New Challenges and Opportunities23 6 About the Trade Facilitation Indicators24 References 26 FIGURES Figure2.1.Most improvements are in areas that enhance border agency co-operation and streamlinetrade-related processes7Figure2.2.While border agency co-operation is the top area of progress, it began from a relativelylimited baseline and remains the area with the largest potential for further improvement8Figure2.3.Institutional and regulatory frameworks together with risk management and digitalisationmeasures are drivingimprovements in domestic and cross-border agency co-operation9Figure3.1.Middle-income economies are recording the highest progress in the average tradefacilitation performance12Figure3.2.Progress is occurring in all regions13Figure3.3.Asia-Pacific: Top areas of reform, 202413Figure3.4.Asia-Pacific: Leading reformers, 2022-2414Figure3.5.Asia-Pacific: Leading performers, 202414 Figure3.6.Europe and Central Asia: Top areas of reform15Figure3.7.Europe and Central Asia: Leading reformers, 2022-2415Figure3.8.Europe and Central Asia: Leading performers, 202416Figure3.9.The Americas: Top areas of reform, 202416Figure3.10.The Americas: Leading reformers, 2022-2417Figure3.11.The Americas: Leading performers, 202417Figure3.12.Middle East and North Africa: Top areas of reform, 202418Figure3.13.Middle East and North Africa: Leading reformers, 2022-2418Figure3.14.Middle East and North Africa: Leading performers, 202419Figure3.15.Sub-Saharan Africa: Top areas of reform, 202419Figure3.16.Sub-Saharan Africa: Leading reformers, 2022-2420Figure3.17.Sub-Saharan Africa: Leading