埃塞俄比亚金融包容性的动态

Diversifying delivery channels, expanding digitaltechnology, and enhancing financial knowledgefor greater financial inclusion ©2024 International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment / The World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank withexternal contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflectthe views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does notguarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the dataincluded in this work and does not assume responsibility forany errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use theinformation, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth.The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other informationshown on any map in this work do not imply any judgmenton the part of The World Bank concerning the legal statusof any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of suchboundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construedor considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which arespecifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. BecauseThe World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, fornoncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to thiswork is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The WorldBank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. The dynamics offinancial inclusionin Ethiopia Diversifying delivery channels, expanding digitaltechnology, and enhancing financial knowledgefor greater financial inclusion Recommended citation Yonis, Manex B.; Ambel, Alemayehu A.; Di Salvo, Francesco and Rawlins, Marlon R. (2024).The dynamicsof financial inclusion in Ethiopia: Diversifying delivery channels, expanding digital technology, and enhancingfinancial knowledge for greater financial inclusion(English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group Contents Abbreviations.......................................................................................................viiAcknowledgements.............................................................................................viiOverview.............................................................................................................. viiiThe dynamics of financial inclusion........................................................................................ xiTransitioning from being unbanked to banked................................................................. xvNarrowing the gender gap....................................................................................................xviiiExpanding financial inclusion: broader policy options.................................................... xxiChapter one: Introduction................................................................................... 2Chapter two: Understanding the dynamics: going beyondbank account ownership......................................................................... 8Measuring financial inclusion.................................................................................................... 9Global Findex indicators: Financial access and use......................................................10Index of financial inclusion...............................................................................................11Evolution of financial inclusion...............................................................................................15Growth in account ownership.........................................................................................15The rise of formal savings and stagnation in formal borrowing................................18Spatial-temporal evolution of Index of Financial Inclusion.........................................21Chapter three: Pathways to financial inclusion.............................................. 24Correlates of financial inclusion.............................................................................................28Entering the financial system: Gateway technology and financialknowledge as pillars.........................................................................................................33Opportunities to boost financial inclusion..........................................................................41Chapter four: Gender gap in financial Inclusion: trend,explanation, and bridging the divide.................................................. 46Explaining the gender gap................................................................................