AI原生应用与可持续通信白皮书

AI-Native & SustainableCommunication Samsung 6G Vision Market and Technology Trends toward 6G2 Market TrendsTechnology Trends5G-Advanced: evolution of 5G and preparation for 6G678 Emerging Services39 6G Key Attributes411 6G Spectrum5 13 Enabling Technologies614 Technologies for AI-Native14 AI-based Air Interface OptimizationAI-based Network Automation1415 Technologies for Sustainable Network16 Energy-Efficient HardwareEnergy-Efficient Channel Coding, Modulation, and WaveformScalable Computing Resource Management161718 Technologies for Ubiquitous Coverage Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO)Joint Phase and Time Array (JPTA)eXtreme MIMO (X-MIMO)Duplex Evolution – Sub-band Non-Overlapping Full Duplex (SBFD)Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)1920212122 6G Timeline7 24 Concluding Remarks8 25 References26 Introduction Mobile communication systems have evolved from generation to generationapproximately every 10 years in the direction of providing enhanced perfor-mance (e.g., higher data rates and larger capacity). Each generation has offeredinnovative new services ranging from 1G analog voice call services to 4G mobilebroadband services. In the late 2010s, 5G was introduced to provide massivebroadband capacity and expand its range of services into vertical industries (e.g.,IoT). As the next evolutionary step of 5G as well as a bridge towards 6G, the de-velopment of 5G-Advanced is actively ongoing in 3GPP to further enhance theperformance of mobile broadband operation and broaden the verticals of 5G. In parallel to the industry effort for evolution of 5G commercial networks, theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) has already started discussionson 6G from 2020, which is expected to be commercialized around 2030. Therealso is significant effort from both academia and industry to prepare for 6G,following the commercialization of 5G technologies. We expect 6G will need to address the demands from the end users, the in-dustry, and the whole society. Since we published the previous white paperon 6G in 2020 [1], we have been continuously evaluating how such demandsevolve, taking also into account the lessons learned from 5G deployments. Inthis white paper, we aim to provide readers with our updated views on variousaspects of 6G, including market and technology trends, emerging services, keyattributes of 6G, spectrum, enabling technologies, and timeline. The rest of thiswhite paper is organized as follows: Section 2•introduces the market and technology trends driving 6G develop-ment.• Section 3discusses emerging services in the 6G era which will revolutionizethe way people interact with technology.• Section 4describes the key 6G attributes which will enable 6G networks tocreate significant economic and societal value.• Section 5provides the latest status of 6G spectrum as related to the outcomesof ITU World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 (WRC-23).• Section 6introduces the enabling technologies to realize the 6G key attributes.• Section 7describes our expectation on the 6G timeline.• Section 8provides concluding remarks. Market and TechnologyTrends toward 6G Market Trends In the upcoming years, the development of 6G will be influenced by a numberof market trends. In particular, these market trends include a drive for new sys-tems with more traffic capacity, more efficiency in costs and energy, and alsocarbon neutrality driven by policies introduced in various countries across theglobe. Mobile data traffic has significantly increased in the last decade, and thistrend is projected to continue with evolution towards 6G [2, 3]. For example,[3] estimated that the global mobile traffic would increase from 109.5 Exabytesper month in 2023 to 603.5 Exabytes per month by 2030, growing at a CAGRof 23.8%. The growth in mobile traffic is primarily driven by factors such asincreasing 5G penetration, rising demand for streaming media (e.g., YouTube,OTT), and expansion of fixed wireless access (FWA) market. Societal chang-es pursuing connected life due to aging population, declining birth rate, anddigital transformation of life (e.g., transition of spending patterns from offlineto online) have also contributed to the proliferation of connections of varioustype of devices including smartphones, internet of things (IoT) devices andmachines, further fueling the growth of mobile traffic. With the advent of newtechnologies such as AI, it is expected that global mobile traffic will continue togrow rapidly worldwide. Since the commercialization of 5G in 2019, the requirements for mobilecommunication services from users and mobile network operators have beenchanging. From the end-user’s point of view, the requirements are changingfrom demanding higher performance to better user experience, i.e., in the di-rection of better connectivity and battery life rather than simply enhancingcommunication performance, e.g., data rates and latency. In some countries,surveys show that user satisfaction with the 5G system is relatively lo