制定家庭和环境空气污染投资案例的方法2025

Methodology for DevelopingHousehold and Ambient Air PollutionInvestment Cases Acknowledgments This document was written by Christina L. Meyer, Gavin Allman, Dr. Michael Nnachebe Onah,Lily Morrel, Brian Hutchinson, Dr. Rachel Nugent of Research Triangle (RTI) International; DaisyLanvers, Daniel Grafton, Rachael Stanton of UNDP and Sebastien Poix from the University ofLimerick. Additional expertise and input were provided by Suvi Huikuri, Chibulu Luo and OddHanssen from UNDP and Enrique Flores and Wing Yin Cheng from United National Volunteers.Economists who led the investment case work in the three pilot countries – Professor KhalifaElmusharaf in Ethiopia; Arnold Hagens in Mongolia; and Dr. Poornima Prabhakaran and Dr.Shankar Prinja in India – also contributed to the methods by providing feedback through thepilot experiences. General disclaimers UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty,inequality and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more atundp.orgor follow at @UNDP. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyrepresent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the United Nations Member States. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of theEuropean Union. Copyright ©UNDP 2025. All rights reserved. One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, 10017,USA. Table of contents Foreword11. Investment Case process4Assembling the investment case team4Data collection5Institutional and context analysis (ICA)5Economic modelling6Report writing and investment case deliverables62. Household air pollution (HAP) methodology9Data collection workbook12Step 1: Baseline and intervention12Step 2: Cookstove parameters12Step 3: Estimating the health impacts12Step 4: Setting economic, environmental and other parameters12Step 5: Parameters for analyst consideration12Step 6: Generating the results12Limitations193. Ambient air pollution (AAP) methodology21Step 1: Data collection23Step 2: Estimating the baseline burden23Step 3: Computing the economic burden23Step 4: Modeling the interventions23Practical application of the AAP Tool45Limitations484. Combining results from AAP and HAP investment case analyses535. Considerations57References60Appendix68HAP model68AAP Model73 Foreword Investment cases in health estimate the economic burden of a disease or risk factor andmeasure the costs and benefits of scaling-up interventions to reduce this burden. Alongsidetheir economic component, investment cases provide an assessment of the policy landscapeon health in a country, including identifying policy gaps, financing opportunities, policywindows and key priority actions. With this assessment and the flexibility to project multipleintervention scenarios, investment cases are vital tools for strategizing approaches to healthand health-affecting policies. TheUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP),alongside the World HealthOrganization (WHO) and the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on the Prevention and Control ofNon-communicable Diseases (UNIATF) and other key partners, has developed 75 investmentcases on health, ranging from topics such astobacco control,non-communicable diseases(NCDs),primary health care,road safety,mental health, nutrition, to recently including accessto treatment, HIV and TB, andair pollution. This Methods Note serves as a comprehensive guide for economists on how to conduct theeconomic modelling components of a national investment case on household and/or ambientair pollution.1This report describes both the data and the tools that can be used to developsuch an investment case. Two distinct tools are used, each for a specific type of investmentcase. For household air pollution investment cases, an enhanced version of WHO’s Benefitsof Action to Reduce Household Air Pollution (BAR-HAP) Tool is used. For ambient air pollutioninvestment cases, the Ambient Air Pollution Tool (AAP Tool), developed by Research TriangleInstitute (RTI) International, is employed. UNDP has used both these tools to develop airpollution investment cases inEthiopia,Mongolia, and India. The primary audience for this Methods Note comprises individuals involved in, or supporting,the development of an investment case on ambient and/or household air pollution. It may alsointerest policymakers who wish to gain a deeper understanding of the tools and approachesused in developing an air pollution investment case. Section 1of this document overviews the process of completing a robust investment case,including assembling an investment case team and necessary steps.Section 2providesguidance on how to carry out a household air pollution investment case using WHO’s BAR-HAP Tool.Section 3offers a comprehensive