绿色氢气战略: 设计指南

A guide to design © IRENA 2024 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printedand/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyrightholder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use andrestrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of suchmaterial. ISBN: 978-92-9260-611-4 Citation: IRENA (2024),Green hydrogen strategy: A guide to design, International Renewable Energy Agency,Abu Dhabi About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) serves as the principal platform for internationalco-operation, a centre of excellence, a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge, and adriver of action on the ground to advance the transformation of the global energy system. An intergovernmentalorganisation established in 2011, IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms ofrenewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit ofsustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. www.irena.org Acknowledgements The report was developed under the guidance of Raul Alfaro Pelico (Director, Knowledge, Policy and Finance),Rabia Ferroukhi (ex-IRENA) and Ute Collier and authored by Emanuele Bianco, Yury Melnikov (consultant), JuanJose Garcia Mendez (Chapter 4) and Abdullah Fahad. IRENA and ex-IRENA colleagues Francisco Boshell, Luis Janeiro, Ann-Kathrin Lipponer, Hyunjin Kim, AsamiMiketa, Binu Parthan, Zafar Samadov, James Walker, Patricias Wild and Arno van de Bos provided valuable inputand contributions. The report benefited also from the interviews, reviews and comments of experts, including Wa’el Almazeedi(Avance), Manuel Andresh (GIZ), Chiara Aruffo (DII Desert Energy), Jan Frederik Braun (Fraunhofer), MarcelloContestabile (QEERI), Anne-Sophie Corbeau (Columbia University), Jazaeer Dawody (Energimyndegheten),Manuel El-Amine, Xenia Zwanziger (BMWK), Han Feenstra (EZK), Florian Marko (Verbund), Mohd Nor AzmanBin Hassan (MOSTI), Matteo Micheli (DENA), Xiangyu Meng, Mao Zongqiang (Tsinghua University), NandakumarJanardhanan (IGES), Stefano Raimondi (MASE), Frank Wouters (Reliance). Publications and editorial support were provided by Francis Field and Stephanie Clarke.For further information or to provide feedback: publications@irena.org This report is available for download:www.irena.org/publications Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verifythe reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents or other third-partycontent providers provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and accept no responsibility or liability for anyconsequence of use of the publication or material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specificcompanies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference toothers of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do notimply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. Contents FiguresTablesBoxesAbbreviations 8 1 Why this report? Introduction 9 1.1 National hydrogen strategic documents111.2 More than 50 examples131.3 Scope of the report16 Part 1: Foundation 18 2 Why green hydrogen? Drivers and motivation192.1 Policy drivers for hydrogen strategy making192.2 Past and current drivers: hydrogen hype and hope23 3 Who? Stakeholder engagement29 3.1 Introduction293.2 The stakeholder matrix30 4 How to integrate the strategy in the energy planning? Long-term energyscenarios 36 4.1 The correlation between models, LTES, hydrogen strategies and other documents374.2 Technical representation of green hydrogen in LTES384.3 Purpose of LTES to support green hydrogen strategies41 Part 2: Setting objectives 44 5 What first? Priority setting455.1 Factors influencing priority setting465.2 In focus: “Silver bullet” or “champagne”?51 6 Where? Export considerations55 6.1 Positioning6.2 Strategic considerations for hydrogen trade 5557 7 How much? Target setting 66 7.1 Target-setting considerations7.2 Target design elements7.3 Current status 666871 Part 3: Policy action75 8 What is the problem? Barrier identification768.1 Barrier categorisation778.2 The green hydrogen deadlock84 9 How? Measures and governance of the hydrogen sector 9.1 Strategic impact of commitments899.2 Phases93