美国的人工智能，OpenAI的经济蓝皮书

Foreword OpenAIʼsmissionistoensurethatartificialintelligencebenefitseveryone.Tous,thatmeansbuildingAIthathelpspeoplesolvehardproblemsbecausebyhelpingwiththehardproblems,AIcan benefit the most people possible–throughbetterhealthcareandeducation,morescientificdiscoveries,betterpublicpoliciesandservices,andimprovedproductivity.Weʼreofftoastrongstart,creatingfreelyavailableintelligencebeingusedbymorethan300millionpeoplearound the world,including 3 milliondevelopers,toideate,discover,andinnovatebeyond what weʼre currently capable of doing on our own. Already, our tools are being used to: Protect USmilitarypersonnelagainstunmanneddroneattacks Make stateand localgovernmentsmoreefficient Speed updevelopmentof life-savingmedicaltreatments AcceleratescientificresearchbyUS NationalLaboratories Unlocknewforms ofcreativityforartists andincreaseaccessibilityof artisticproduction Helpteacherscreatepersonalizedlesson plans,spend moretime withstudents,and safelyadopt AI intheclassroom WebelieveAmericaneedstoactnowtomaximizeAIʼspossibilitieswhileminimizingitsharms.AIistoopowerfulatechnologytobeledandshapedbyautocrats,butthatisthegrowingriskweface,while the economic opportunity AI presents is too compelling to forfeit.Sharedprosperityisasnearandmeasurableasthenewjobsandgrowthtocomefrombuildingtheneededinfrastructure.Soon,asourCEOSamAltmanhaswritten,AIwillhelpourchildrendothingswecanʼt.Notfaroffisafutureinwhicheveryoneʼslivescanbebetterthananyoneʼslifeis now. Withsuchprosperityinsight,wewanttoworkwithpolicymakerstoensurethatAIʼsbenefitsaresharedresponsiblyandequitably.Theenclosedframeworkchampionstheentrepreneurship and individual freedoms at the heart of the American innovation ecosystem. Ifdoneright,thedeveloperswhoareAIʼsMainStreetwillthrivealongwithcompaniesofallsizes,andthebroadeconomicbenefitsofthetechnologywillcatalyzeareindustrializationacross the country. America has faced such moments before, and we know how to think big, build big and act big. Automobileswerenʼt invented here—they were invented in Europe.Early proponentsenvisionedthecartransforminghowpeoplelivedandworked.Supplychainsandcustomerbases could be expanded and diversified. ButintheUnitedKingdom,wheresomeoftheearliestcarswereintroduced,thenewindustryʼsgrowthwasstuntedbyregulation.The1865RedFlagActrequiredaflagbearertowalkaheadofany car to warn others on the road and wave the car aside in favor ofhorse-drawntransport.Howcouldapersonwalkinfrontofacarwithoutgettingrunover?Becauseofanother requirement: that cars moveno faster than4 miles per hour. America,meanwhile,tookaverydifferentapproachtothecar,mergingprivate-sectorvisionandinnovation with public-sector enlightenment to unlock the new technology and itseconomic—and ultimately, with World War I looming—national security benefits. Thecountrybecametheheartoftheworldʼsautoindustry,mass-producingaffordablecarswiththehelpoflocal,stateandfederalofficialswhosawtheindustryʼspotential.Publicsafetyconcernsover horse-drawn vehicles on crowded city streets prompted local officials tosupporttheswitchtocars—notmakecarsyieldtohorses.Thecountryʼssizepromptedstatestoinvestinbetterroads.Andthefederalgovernmentclearedthewaytoscaletransportbycarwith a national—rather than state-by-state—highway system. Today,whilesomecountriessidelineAIanditseconomicpotential,theUSgovernmentcanpave the road for its AI industry to: Andjustasdriversareexpectedtosticktoclear,common-sensestandardsthathelpkeeptheactualroadssafe,developersandusershavearesponsibilitytofollowclear,common-sensestandardsthatkeeptheAIroadssafe.Straightforward,predictablerulesthatsafeguardthepublicwhile helping innovators thrive canencourageinvestment,competition,andgreaterfreedom for everyone. Forourpart,OpenAIiscommittedtoworkingwithUSpolicymakersonhowAIcanbestserveboththenationalinterestandthepublicgood,stewardingourowntechnologyalongthoselines,andgloballychampioningAIthatisbuiltonafoundationofthedemocraticvaluestheUShas always stood for. WebelieveinAmericabecauseAmericabelievesininnovation.ThisiswhyourCEOwillbekickingoffthisworkwithagatheringinWashington,DConJanuary30topreviewthestateofAIadvancementandhowitcandriveeconomicgrowth.AndthisiswhythateventwillkickoffourInnovatingforAmericainitiativetoengagestatesacrossthecountrytohelpensurethatweʼre bringing AIʼs economic benefits to Americans from all walks of life. Thiscountryalwayssucceedswhenitbetsonitsecosystemofbuildersandentrepreneurs.ThisBlueprint,alivingdocumentweʼllupdateaswelearnfromourworktohelpsolvepeopleʼshardproblems,laysoutarelationshipwebelievewecanbuildonwithgovernmenthereathome and as a place to begin with allies around the world. Chris Lehane Vice President, Global Affairs Where We Stand The enclosed policy proposals reflect OpenAIʼs position that: ●We believe in America because America believes in innovation.●Chips,data,energy and talent are the keys towinningonAI—andthisisaraceAmerica can and must win.●Withanestimated$175billionsittinginglobalfundsawaitinginvestmentinAIproject