发援会关于扩大发展成果的指导

OECD Development Assistance Committee Guidanceon Scaling Development Outcomes FOREWORD Too few development cooperation initiatives in low and middle-income countries focus on testing solutions andimplementing them on a scale that effectively addresses systemic constraints and sustains a positive impactover time. This is why the practice of scaling has been receiving growing attention in the sector over the pastyears. Scaling describes the process of increasing the reach and impact of a development innovation or a provensolution to create sustainable and widespread change, within a specific geographical context and system, to address adevelopment problem at the scale of need. Findings from a comprehensive literature review, undertaken by the OECDDevelopment Cooperation Directorate in 2022, suggest that: •Too many development co-operation initiatives do not scale.Most of them – innovations and proveninterventions – fail to scale in sectors such as agriculture, education, health or humanitarian response. In somecontexts, those initiatives even hinder scaling processes. •Scaling can take decades.The evidence from sectors such as agriculture and health suggests that scaling aproven solution and innovation takes between ten to fifteen years to reach impact at scale. •Scaling does not happen spontaneously.The process requires deliberate and systematic action by publicand private players in a given country or region, supported by third-party funders, in pursuit of a vision forsustainable and optimal scale. •No single organisation is likely to cover or fund the entire scaling pathway.Different players are requiredand need to partner, taking on distinct roles such as doer, researcher, innovator, implementor, intermediary,funder, or other functions. In light of those challenges, the OECD convened an informal, multi-stakeholder reference group in 2022, that broughtogether development experts from the Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) of the Development AssistanceCommittee (DAC), the DAC Results Community and the OECD’s development innovation peer-learning group, knownas the i32 group. This reference group set out to develop new policy guidance to support decision-makers in DACmember organisations to integrate scaling into the selection and design of projects and programmes, and to makescaling a key component of their organizational strategies. Over 19 experts from nine DAC member countries participated between 2022 and 2024 in the design and draftingprocess of such guidance, alongside strategic partners such as the Global Community of Practice on ScalingDevelopment Outcomes (CoP), and the International Development Innovation Alliance (IDIA). The process includeda targeted consultation with an extra 30+ experts from 20 organisations, as well as drawing on foundational workby the CoP, the International Development Research Centre, IDIA, Elrha and the Consultative Group on InternationalAgricultural Research. The resultingGuidance on scaling development outcomeswas approved by the DAC in December 2024, with theambition of systematically integrating scaling considerations and practices in funder organisations, including bilateralprogrammes. The guidance also serves to help advance reforms and good scaling practices among implementingpartners. TheGuidancecomplements existing standards such as the OECDEvaluation CriteriaandDevelopment EffectivenessPrinciples, and seeks to further support funders in designing development interventions that pursue impact at scale.It frames sustainability and scalability mainly as sustainable and scalable business models, with a view into thedesirable future: who will implement (the doer) and who will fund (the funder) the activity in ten to fifteen years?How do we get from here to there (the scaling process itself)? Finally, it puts an emphasis on demand and on localownership, further contributing to locally led development practices. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was prepared by the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate under the responsibility of itsDirector María del Pilar Garrido. The lead author is Benjamin Kumpf. Co-authors are Megan Kennedy-Chouane andAlejandro Guerrero-Ruiz. It is based on work undertaken collaboratively by the OECD Innovation for DevelopmentFacility (INDEF), the Development Assistance Committee’s (DAC) Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet), theDAC Results Community and the OECD’s development innovation peer-learning group, known as the i32 group.Research and editing support was provided by Aurore Pasquet, Avilia Zavarella, Alice Lassman, Lauren Williams andNicole Paul. Strategic guidance was provided by Rahul Malhotra in the initial stage of the design and drafting process. We would like to thank the members of the informal reference group that developed this guidance: Mara Holzenthaland Hannah Weifenbach (German Corporation for International Cooperation), Manuela Bärtschi (Swiss DevelopmentAgency), Toon Driessen and Michel Seto (Enabe