2024年净零行业跟踪报告

Net-Zero Industry Tracker2024 Edition I N S I G H TR E P O R TD E C E M B E R2 0 2 4 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 1Context6 2Framework9 3Cross-sector findings13 3.1Performance143.2Readiness193.3Key priorities39 4Aviation industry net-zero tracker40 5Shipping industry net-zero tracker51 6Trucking industry net-zero tracker62 7Steel industry net-zero tracker73 8Cement industry net-zero tracker84 9Aluminium industry net-zero tracker95 10Primary chemicals industry net-zero tracker106 11Oil and gas industry net-zero tracker118 Conclusion130 Appendices131 A1Abbreviations and acronyms131A2Readiness criteria133A3Data sources134 Contributors135 Endnotes137 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.©2024 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Roberto BoccaHead, Centre for Energyand Materials; Member,Executive Committee,World Economic Forum Muqsit AshrafGroup Chief Executive,Accenture Strategy especially given most of these sectors operatein highly competitive profit margin environments.Geopolitical tensions and conflicts have led to anincrease in energy prices, leading to some nationsprioritizing energy security and national industrialprotectionism over sustainability. Additionally,trade restrictions and tariffs increase the cost ofproducts with already-high green premiums, suchas green steel and aluminium. However, technology,particularly artificial intelligence (AI), showssignificant potential to drive progress. Over the pastyear, AI has enhanced the speed and economicsof capital projects, improved asset management,optimized energy efficiency and enabled moreaccurate emissions tracking. The energy transition is rapidly progressing in areaswhere technologies, supportive policies and thebusiness case for investments align. However, toachieve a net-zero future, faster advancementsacross all sectors and countries are required,particularly in hard-to-abate industries such assteel, aluminium, cement, primary chemicals,oil and gas, aviation, shippingandtrucking.These sectors play an important role in oureconomies, with heavy industry alone contributingto around 30% of global gross domestic product(GDP)1. Significantly reducing emissions in thesesectors present unique physical, macroeconomic,and business challenges. The World Economic Forum’sNet Zero IndustryTracker 2024offers a data-driven assessment ofenergy transition progress in these eight challengingsectors, which collectively account for around 40%of global GHG emissions. These sectors are vital tothe global economy as demand for heavy industryand heavy transport sectors is projected to rise bymore than 60% on average by 2050. The World Economic Forum, with support fromAccenture, seeks to identify key barriers in thesesectors, align stakeholders on essential actions,and promote collaboration to accelerate progress.These sectors cannot achieve their targets inisolation and require support from the broaderecosystem, particularly for capital deployment,as our report highlights that around 57% of thenecessary investments must come from sourcesoutside of these sectors. The majority of theseinvestments will be needed to build infrastructurefor clean power, clean fuels, and carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS). This publication marks the third edition of the report,and we are encouraged to see some progress. Wehave observed a reduction in average emissionsintensity of 4.1% in the last five years (2019-2023),with an accelerated reduction in the last year (2022-2023) of 1.2%. Nevertheless, the current pace ofprogress is insufficient to meet net-zero emissionsscenarios. As the recent report by the UnitedNations Environment Programme highlights, currentpromises and commitments place us “on track forbest-case global warming of 2.6°C this century”.2This underscores the urgent need to accelerateenergy transition efforts. The most challenging aspects of the transitionnecessitate close public-private collaboration. TheForum embraces this multistakeholder approach andis working to drive action with leading governmentalbodies such as Clean Energy Ministerial and G20,as well as multilateral initiatives like the First MoversCoalition (FMC), Transforming Industrial Clusters,Mission Possible Partnership (MPP) and the IndustrialTransition Accelerator (ITA). Only by advancing thiscollaborative spirit can we enable a more effectiveapproach to the energy transition, ensuring that allse