国际科技创新中心指数2024-9页

GIHI 2024 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2024 has witnessed generative artificial intelligence (AI) breaking new frontiers in science, driving a new wave ofindustrial innovation and increasing the level of human-machine interaction in daily lives. Although the globaleconomy is recovering after the COVID-19 pandemic, it faces risk from geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters.In this climate, scientific and technological innovations are much needed to address global problems and drivehealth improvements. The Global Innovation Hubs Index (GIHI) developed by the Center for Industrial Developmentand Environmental Governance (CIDEG) at Tsinghua University and Nature Research Intelligence, has been trackingand analyzing year-on-year changes and the latest trends in global innovation since 2020. GIHI2024 continues toapply scientific, objective, independent and impartial principles to evaluate global innovation hubs (GIHs) usingthree indicators - research innovation, innovation economy and innovation ecosystem - providing a reference forpolicymakers, entrepreneurs and practitioners. ■OPTIMIZATION AND ADJUSTMENT—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— First, the number of evaluated cities has increased from 119 to 120, which include 108 global innovation hubs (GIHs)and 12 mini-hubs.Although accounting for only 11.3% of the world’s total population, these 120 cities/metropolitanareas, home to the top innovation resources in the world, boast 138 world-leading universities, 149 of the top 200world-class research institutions, 1,453 unicorn companies valued at more than one billion US dollars, and 1,888leading innovative enterprises. They have attracted 279 winners of top scientific awards such as Nobel Prizes, theTuring Award, and the Fields Medal. Second, some indicators have been optimized.As China has not taken part in the ranking of top 500 supercomputerssince 2022, China’s top 100 supercomputers have been included in our analysis alongside the global number of top500 supercomputers. This adjustment ensures that GIHI2024’s top 500 supercomputers indicator is comprehensive.For patent-related indicators, patents in biomedicine have been added and the integrated circuit has been replacedby the smart chip. The patents in four areas are classified with reference to the Patent Classification System for KeyDigital Technologies (2023) and the Reference Table for Strategic Emerging Industries Classification and InternationalPatent Classification (2021) issued by the China National Intellectual Property Administration. The number of patentcooperation treaty (PCT) patents is collated on an annual basis after adjustments. Third,this report adds two focus sections to track the dynamics of GIHs in global scientific and technological innovation.The first focus section is on international co-authorship, which reveals the trends of co-authorship amongGIHs and identifies the global cooperation pattern and evolution for the top ten cities ranked by the number ofinternationally co-authored papers. The second focus section examines global biomedical patents, which investigatesGIHs’ innovation capability in biomedicine by total numbers of patents, innovation entities and prospects. ■RANKINGS For the overall GIHI2024 ranking, the top 20 cities/metropolitan areasare San Francisco-San Jose, New York MA,Beijing, Boston MA, London MA, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shanghai, Paris MA, Tokyo MA,Baltimore-Washington, Seoul MA, Singapore, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Munich, Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue,Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Chapel Hill-Durham-Raleigh, San Diego MA, Amsterdam MA, Dublin. The GIHI2024 top 20 cities/metropolitan areas in research innovationare New York MA, Beijing, Boston MA, SanFrancisco-San Jose, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Baltimore-Washington, London MA, Paris MA,Shanghai, Los Angeles-Long Beach- Anaheim, Chapel Hill-Durham-Raleigh, Tokyo MA, Chicago-Naperville-Elgin,Zurich, Nanjing, Melbourne, Seoul MA, Wuhan, Munich, Copenhagen. The GIHI2024 top 20 cities/metropolitan areas in innovation economyare San Francisco-San Jose, Beijing, NewYork MA, Tokyo MA, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Seoul MA, Dublin, Boston MA, Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Shanghai, Paris MA, Daejeon, London MA, San Diego MA, Singapore, Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe, Dallas-Fort Worth,Taipei, Munich, Abu Dhabi. The GIHI2024 top 20 cities/metropolitan areas in innovation ecosystemare London MA, San Francisco-San Jose,New York MA, Shanghai, Singapore, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Boston MA, Paris MA, Beijing,Amsterdam MA, Baltimore-Washington, Toronto MA, Dubai, Tokyo MA, Munich, Dallas-Fort Worth, Seoul MA, LosAngeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Abu Dhabi, Madrid. The GIHI2024 overall ranking of mini-hubs is as follows:Cambridge, Basel, Oxford, Geneva, Oslo, Ann Arbor, Boulder,Ithaca, Lausanne, Heidelberg, Jerusalem, Eindhoven. ■CONCLUSIONS •Innovation economy-oriented cities, such as S